Do-it-yourself gyenesh logical blocks. Gyenes Blocks is a system of logical games for the smallest, children of the middle and preparatory groups. Our favorite games
Didactic game "How much?"
Material:
logical figures.
Purpose of the game:
develop the ability to ask questions and develop the ability to highlight properties.
Game description:
Children are divided into two teams. The teacher lays out the logical figures in any order and invites the children to come up with questions starting with the words "How much ..."
For every correct question, a chip. The team with the most chips wins.
Variants of questions: "How many big figures?" "How many red figures are in the first row?" (horizontally), "How many circles?" etc.
Didactic game " PAINTERS "
Material:
"Sketches of paintings" - sheets of large colored cardboard
additional details from cardboard to compose the composition of the picture;
block set
Purpose of the game:
development of the ability to analyze the shape of objects
development of the ability to compare according to their properties
development of artistic abilities (choice of color, background, arrangement (composition).
Game description:
Children are invited to "write pictures" according to sketches. One picture can be "painted" at once
several people. Children choose a "sketch" of the picture, paper for the background, details for the future picture, the necessary blocks. If the part is only outlined on the sketch (part outline), a thin block is selected, if the part is painted, a thick block is selected. So, for example, for a sketch of a picture with elephants, the child will take additional details: 2 elephant heads, the sun, a lake, the top of a palm tree, a cactus, an animal and blocks.
At the end of the work, the artists come up with a name for their paintings, arrange an exhibition
paintings, and the guide tells visitors of the exhibition what is shown in the picture.
Didactic game "SHOP"
Material:
Goods (cards with the image of objects) Logical figures.
Purpose of the game:
developing the ability to identify and abstract properties
development of the ability to reason, argue your choice
Game description:
Children come to the store where big choice toys. Each child has 3 logical figures "money". For one "money" you can buy only one toy.
Buying rules: you can only buy a toy that has at least one property logical figure. The rule can be made more difficult to select a toy by two properties (for example, a large square, a blue square, etc.)
Didactic game "What changed"
Tasks: 
Improve children's knowledge of geometric shapes, their color, size, thickness
Develop thinking.
Material: Gyenes block set.
Game progress: In front of the child, several figures are laid out on the table that need to be remembered, and then one of the figures disappears or is replaced by a new one, or two figures are swapped. The child should notice the changes.
Didactic game "Round dance"
Target: classifies blocks according to two to three features: color, shape; color - shape - size.
Material: a set of Gyenes logical blocks.
Game progress.
The teacher offers to line up magical figures in a cheerful round dance. The round dance will turn out beautiful and elegant.
Blocks are laid out in a circle. Any block is randomly taken, then a block is attached, in which one feature of the previous block will be present, and so on. The last block must match the first block in some way. In this case, the game ends - the round dance is closed.
Didactic game "Second row"
Tasks:
Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, find a figure that is different in one way.
Material: A set of Gyenesh logic blocks.
Game progress:
Lay out in a row 5-6 any figures. Build a second row under them, but so that under each figure of the upper row there is a figure of a different shape (color, size); the same shape, but a different color (size); different in color and size; not the same shape, size, color.
Didactic game "Find the treasure"
Tasks : To improve children's knowledge of geometric shapes, their color, size, thickness. Develop thinking.
Material: Gyenes block set.
We lay out 8 Gyenes logical blocks in front of the child, and while he does not see, we hide the “treasure” under one of them (a coin, a pebble, a cut out picture, etc.). The child should ask you leading questions, and you can only answer “yes” or “no”: “The treasure under the blue block?” - "No", "Under the red?" - "Not". The child concludes that the treasure is under the yellow block, and asks further about the size, shape and thickness. Then the child hides the “treasure”, and the teacher asks leading questions.
Then the children themselves can play this game, competing in finding the treasure.
Didactic game "Game with one hoop"
Tasks:
To develop the ability to split a set of one property into two subsets, to perform a logical operation "not".
Material: Hoop, set of Gyenes logic blocks.
Game progress: Before the start of the game, they find out which part of the game sheet is inside the hoop and outside it, set the rules: for example, arrange the pieces so that all the red pieces (and only them) are outside the hoop. After the arrangement of all the figures, two questions are asked: what figures lie inside the hoop? What figures were outside the hoop? (The answer is supposed to be: “all non-red pieces lie outside the hoop.”) When repeating the game, children can choose which blocks to put inside the hoop and which outside.
Didactic game "Game with two hoops"
Tasks: Developing the ability to split a set according to two compatible properties, to produce logical operations"not", "and", "or".
Material: 2 hoops, a set of Gyenes logic blocks.
Game progress:
before starting the game, it is necessary to find out where are the four areas defined on the game sheet by two hoops, namely: inside both hoops; inside the red but outside the green hoop; inside the green but outside the red hoop and outside both hoops (these areas need to be circled with a pointer).
1.then called the rule of the game. For example, arrange the figures so that all red figures are inside the red hoop, and all round ones are inside the green hoop.
2. after solving a practical problem on the location of the figures, the children answer the questions: which figures lie inside both hoops; inside the green but outside the red hoop; It is advisable to play the game with two hoops many times, varying the rules of the game.
Note: In options 5 and 6, the common part is left blank. It is necessary to find out why there are no figures both red and green, and also there are no figures both round and square.
Didactic game "Let's settle in houses"
Tasks: Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, classify.
Material: A set of Gyenes logic blocks, tables depicting paths and houses
Game progress:
Table number 1 is in front of the children. The child needs to help each figure get into his house, focusing on the signposts.
Didactic game "On your branch"
Tasks: Develop the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, classify figures according to several criteria.
Material: Set of 24 figures (four shapes, three colors, two sizes). Each figure is the carrier of three important properties: shape, color, size, and in accordance with this, the name of the figure consists of the name of three properties: red, large rectangle; yellow, small circle; green, big square, etc.
Game progress:
The figure shows a tree on which the figures should “grow”. To find out on which branch which figure will "grow", let's take, for example, a green, small rectangle and start moving it from the root of the tree up the branches. Following the color pointer, we must move the figure along the right branch. We came to a fork. Which branch to follow? On the right, which has a rectangle. We got to the next branch. Further, the Christmas trees show that a large figure should move along the left branch, and a small one along the right. So, we will go along the right branch. This is where a small green rectangle should “grow”. We do the same with the rest of the figures. Similarly, the game is played with the following figure.
Didactic game "Chain"
Target:
Development of the ability to analyze, highlight the properties of figures, find a figure according to a given attribute.
Material: A set of Dyenysh logic blocks.
From an arbitrarily chosen figure, try to build as long a chain as possible. Chain building options:
So that there are no figures of the same shape (color, size, thickness) nearby;
So that there are no figures of the same shape and color nearby (in color and size, in size and thickness, etc.);
So that nearby there are figures of the same size, but different in shape, etc .;
So that nearby there are figures of the same color and size, but of a different shape (the same size, but of a different color).
Didactic game "Help the fairy-tale hero"
Tasks:
Exercise children in grouping geometric shapes
Develop observation, attention and memory
Exercise:
- Divide the shapes between fairy tale characters so that:
Pinocchio had all the blue squares
So that the Pencil gets all the yellow
So that Dunno gets all the yellow and big
Didactic game "Floors"
Program tasks : To develop the ability to classify and generalize geometric shapes by features. Practice counting. Develop orientation in space, attention, logical thinking.
Material : Blocks set.
Game progress:
We propose to lay out several figures in a row - 4-5 pieces. These are the people on the first floor. Now we are building the second floor of the house so that under each figure of the previous row there is a detail of a different color (or size, shape).
Option 2: A part of the same shape, but a different size (or color).
Option 3: we build a house with other details in color and size.
Game - Fairy tale "In the kingdom of blocks"
Material: Gyenes blocks, one box for three people.
Purpose: to introduce blocks, their properties, develop attention, the ability to identify, abstract properties (size, shape, thickness), imagination, creative thinking.
Game description: Children choose a color for their kingdom (yellow, blue, red). The host tells a fairy tale, and the children assign blocks to the roles of heroes, and build their kingdom out of them.
“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king. It was strong, big, thick and looked like a rectangle (children choose a block - a large thick rectangle). The king had a queen, very similar to him, only thinner (we choose a block - a large thin rectangle). They lived very happily, and they had two children similar to them, only small (small thick and thin rectangles). And then one day…”
Options: Further, the tale can be continued according to the children's idea or in accordance with the theme. (Let's go to the forest for mushrooms ..., We took a pet ... etc.)
In games with Dnesh blocks, it is very convenient to use cards with property symbols and symbols as additional material. logic cubes presented in the didactic set "Let's play together."
Didactic game "Spaceship"
Material:
hoops of red, blue, yellow colors, a large rocket triangle made of carpet or cardboard, cards with property symbols or logic cubes, Gyenes blocks.
Target:
the formation of the operation of classification and generalization of blocks according to one to four signs, the development of logical thinking, attention.
Game description:
hoops are laid out on the floor in a row, a rocket triangle is added. With the help of cards with symbols of properties or logical cubes (except for color), the condition for each of the hoops is determined.
Rules:To put a spacecraft into orbit, it is necessary to fill all three stages of the launch vehicle with fuel, in accordance with the condition.
Game options:
First option. Children are divided into teams, each of which fills in its own hoop, the conditions in the hoops are equivalent in complexity.
Second option. Children independently choose a hoop that they will fill in and / or a condition by throwing a die, the conditions in the hoops are different in degree of complexity.
Third option. You can fill in any hoops, the conditions in the hoops can be either the same or different levels of difficulty.
Difficulty level:
Simple: the condition specifies only the color of the hoop, or one more property is added (shape, size, thickness).
Medium: 2 kinds of property symbol cards are used, such as shape and size, shape and thickness, etc.
High: All property symbol cards are used, including negation.
Additional material:sounds of a jet engine, riddles about space.
The game "Decorate the Christmas tree with beads"
Material: Image of a Christmas tree, 15 cards with symbols, a set of logical figures
Purpose: Development of the ability to identify and abstract properties. Ability to read a diagram. Strengthening ordinal counting skills.
Game progress: It is necessary to decorate the Christmas tree with beads. There should be 5 rows of beads on the Christmas tree. Each row has three beads. The number on the card indicates the serial number of the string of beads (we start counting from the top of the Christmas tree). Let's hang the first row of beads (cards with the number 1). The filled circle shows us the place of the bead on the string. The first bead is a small yellow circle, the second is a large yellow square, the third is small
yellow triangle. We hang the rest of the beads in the same way.
Mobile game "Cat and Mouse"
Purpose: to develop the ability to "read" cards with symbols of properties, to identify the necessary properties, to stimulate the physical activity of children.
Materials: tokens on ribbons with properties symbols for Cat and Mice.
Game progress: Children (4-9 people) choose tokens for mice and put them over their heads, stand in a round dance. In the middle is the cat "Vaska" (you can choose it using V. Levin's counting rhymes). Next to him are tokens for a cat.
The round dance moves with the words:
- Mice lead a round dance,
A cat is napping on a couch.
Hush, mice, don't make noise, don't wake Cat Vaska.
Vaska the cat will wake up
And disperse the round dance.
On the last word, the cat quickly puts on one of the tokens and turns to the "mice". For them to see him. Token - information for mice, which "mice" the cat will kill. The rest of the mice are not afraid of the cat, they can have fun, tease Vaska. The caught mouse becomes a "cat" and the game continues.
Note: cards with property symbols can be used as tokens.
Difficulty levels: Start the game with the simplest color property, then make it more difficult by changing the properties and combining them. For example: a cat catches red and round mice.
High level of complexity - the presence of logical negation.
Didactic game "Find me"
Goal: Development of the ability to read the code designation of geometric shapes and find the corresponding code.
Material: A set of blocks, 3 copies of code cards (2 with a regular code, 1 with a negative code).
Game progress: Children are divided into two groups. One takes cards, the other takes blocks. The children of the first group take turns reading (decoding) the cards, the child from the second group, who has the corresponding block, comes out and shows a geometric figure.
It is possible to use the words:
"Blocks, different blocks Yellow, blue and red,
We all know them, Find me!
Didactic game "Snail"
Purpose: To exercise children in the classification of blocks according to two criteria; color and shape.
Material: playing field with a picture of a spiral or colored braid, a set of blocks.
Game progress: The teacher offers to build a house for the snail from magic figures for the children. The house will turn out elegant and beautiful. Laying out blocks starts from the middle of the spiral. One block is randomly taken, then a block is attached, in which one feature of the previous block will be present.
Didactic game "Domino"
Purpose: To develop the ability to highlight the properties of geometric shapes.
Material: Gyenes blocks.
This game can be played by several participants at the same time (but not more than 4). The blocks are divided equally among the players. Everyone makes a move in turn. If there is no figure, you need to skip the move. The first person to lay out all the pieces wins.
How to walk?
Figures of a different size (color, shape).
Shapes of the same color but a different size, or the same size but a different shape.
Figures of a different size and shape (color and size).
The same figures in color and shape, but a different size.
We walk with figures of a different color, shape, size, thickness.
The logical blocks of Gyenes, without separating mathematics from creativity, help to master abstract concepts, develop psychological processes.
“He is a humanist with us,” mom and dad justify themselves for a child who has difficulty learning mathematics. But how can parents instill love for this science if they themselves consider it uninteresting and boring? The Hungarian scientist-teacher has fundamentally refuted the stereotype that is familiar to everyone about technicians and the humanities, having created his own system of early education. Its main element is logical blocks Gyenes. Without separating mathematics from creativity, they help to master abstract concepts and develop basic psychological processes in exciting games that will interest even adults.
Knowledge through figures
Blocks - Gyenesh cubes - this is not an ordinary designer. In a set of 48 wooden or plastic elements, no two blocks are even alike. Each of them differs in shape, color, size or thickness.
Such properties of cubes allow them to be a multifunctional tool for understanding basic logical operations (comparison, classification, generalization, etc.), form modeling skills, and contribute to the manifestation of fantasy and imagination.
Feature articles:
"Entry" into mathematics is carried out gradually in accordance with the age and individual capabilities of the crumbs. Gyenes blocks for the smallest, used in the first lessons, are selected with one common feature, then with two, etc. Older children will like more complex operations and games, which are reflected in special albums and manuals.
Conventionally, the following sequential goals of the methodology can be distinguished:
- teach to highlight properties;
- compare objects according to the identified properties;
- classify and generalize features of objects;
- understanding of the symbolic language and related operations.
Even more games
Along with the blocks, you can use the "Let's play together" manual, which continues and deepens the work on the Gyenesh system. It includes:
- cards with conditional images of signs of figures or a denial of their properties, 11 confirming the sign (round), and 11 - denying (not red). They help in mastering such abstract concepts for children as signs.
- 9 groups of figures, each of which consists of 24 pieces;
- logical cubes - 5 with designations of properties and one with numbers, form the child's skills such as coding and decoding.
Using logical blocks together with a set of cards, you can compose about 20 different game plots. Here are just a few of them.
Game "In the store"
The set also contains sheets with drawn toys from game figures. The kid is given "money" (blocks), with which he can buy toys for himself. But this can be done in such a way that the existing block and the figures in the image have at least one common feature. For example, for a red triangle, you can buy a house or a small animal with triangular ears.
"Logic Train"
The application gives several trains, each has its own color, assigned number and four trailers. Children put cards over their wagons with the indicated algorithm for changing the signs of figures and select the appropriate blocks. For example, if you can change the shape and color, then the red round weight will become a yellow square one.
Other development systems:
Among the worksheets in the "Let's play together" set, there are those that are algorithms. You can play “architects” with them, creating a playground project or dress up a Christmas tree according to the pattern.
How to play with logic blocks
The age range of using the game aid is quite wide (2-8 years), so the games and exercises differ in the degree of complexity.
Do not start the first lessons without giving the child the opportunity to get to know the cubes properly. Let him first touch them, fold them, and only then proceed to study the properties of the proposed figures.
Games from 2 years old
The Gyenes method for the little ones is the first step for kids on the way to learning mathematics. In the simplest games, kids master the basic properties of blocks and learn to operate with the concepts of “same”, “not like”.
"Find figurines"
Ask your child to select all the cubes according to one property. For example, "Please give me all the shapes of the same shape as this one (triangular), what is the name of this shape?"
In a similar way, games are constructed to search for blocks that do not correspond to the attribute. For example, “Choose all the cubes that are not the same color as this one. What is the name of this color?
We develop memory
Before the baby lies a few details of the designer. After he looks at them carefully, remove one or change their sequence, and invite the baby to remember how it was.
"Guess"
Ask the child to determine the shape or size of the blocks by touch in the bag.
"Remove the excess"
Choose two figures that will differ from each other by one feature (big red triangle, big red circle), let the third figure have only one property in common with them (big yellow square). Ask them to guess which block is missing.
In a more difficult version of the game, reduce the number of common features to one, ask for an explanation of your choice.
Games from 4–5 years old
Age for children is a conditional concept, because everything depends purely on the individual qualities of a preschooler. The proposed task must be doable, but challenging enough not to fade away. cognitive interest.
"Domino"
You need at least two players. Conditions are stipulated in advance on what basis to choose pieces for a move. For example, only thin or only square. Other rules as in classic version domino games.
"Report a row"
The leader lays out the first row. Players determine for themselves one sign and report their row in turn, selecting blocks in accordance with the previous one.
For example, the first row: yellow circle, red square, blue triangle; the second row changes color: red circle, blue square, yellow triangle, etc.
"Find the Treasure"
In front of the baby lies a chain of 8 cubes, under one of them we put a conditional treasure. You can find it only with the help of leading questions that exclude or confirm one property. For example,
Is this a red block?
Is it a thick block?
— Maybe it's a triangular block? Etc.
"Sorting"
When removing the cubes after the game, share the work with the baby: he collects all the red and large ones, for example, and you the rest.
Do-it-yourself Gyenes blocks made of wood are not so easy and quite laborious. Therefore, it is easiest and cheapest to make paper copies of the cubes. Their only drawback will be the absence of such a sign as thickness.
Zoltan Gyenes- it's famous Hungarian mathematician, psychologist and educator, which changed the standard notion that mathematics is not an interesting science and far from creativity. The Gyenesch Method Helps Children preschool and older age game form master various mathematical concepts, as well as develop important psychological processes for kids.
Zoltan Gyenes, based on personal rich pedagogical experience and the results of research in the field of psychology, developed the theory of six stages of learning mathematics and created effective visual materials in the form of logical blocks and gaming aids. The Gyenesch system helps parents and teachers to actively develop the intellectual and creative inclinations of kids.
The author's theory of six stages in the study of mathematical concepts
Life Zoltan Gyenes has always been closely associated with pedagogical activity and a deep study of mathematics. The teacher sought develop a methodology to help children of all ages learning math is easy and fun. On the basis of practical developments and knowledge of developmental psychology, Gyenes created an author's program for the study of mathematics by children of various ages, which became the foundation of his system. teacher recommends in the author's use for parents and teachers various logical games, developing teaching aids and exciting math tasks. These pedagogical tools are necessary to stimulate children's interest in mathematics.
Zoltan Gyenes developed and tested in practice theory of the six stages of learning mathematics. The author of the system called the first stage of mathematical knowledge free play. Its essence lies in the fact that the child, receiving any task from the teacher, seeks to instantly solve it with the help of trial and error, resorting to a chaotic enumeration of options. This stage introduces the baby to the task that he needs to successfully complete. From this moment begins the stage of education of the child.
After numerous attempts to solve the problem, the smooth transition child on second stage called the rules of the game. Learning the rules for Zoltan Gyenes is an important learning point, as the baby will not be able to knowledge of the rules of the game to solve delivered tasks from the beginning to the end. The rules contain the most important information for the child, which the teacher seeks to convey to him.
At the third stage going on comparison process. After adults, together with the baby, used several games of mathematical themes for work, the stage begins to compare the content of these games. The author of the methodology encourages parents and teachers to teach kids to play games that are characterized by similar rules, but different didactic material is used. For example, you can beat one problem on blocks, then on geometric shapes, buttons, or carving hares. As a result, the child must come to the correct algorithm of his own actions, regardless of what he is currently playing with. This stage develops abstract thinking in toddlers.
Fourth stage helps the child to perceive during the games abstract meaning of numbers. Zoltan Gyenes recommends using a variety of diagrams, game cards and tables for the development of visual visualization.
At the fifth stage baby comes to understanding that a series of two and more steps leads to one result.
The author of the system called this stage symbolic. To describe game cards, it is necessary to use a special language in the form of various symbols. The child creates his own symbolic systems during the game.
The final stage is longer than all of the above stages. At the sixth stage offered various options descriptions of game cards, specific rules are defined that allow come to necessary logical conclusions. A child with a teacher explores the content of the concepts of axiom and theorem, and also studies the rules for the transition from axioms to theorems.
Many adults believe that the theory of learning mathematical concepts is incomprehensible and difficult for a child to understand. Zoltan Gyenes created this theory for kids from three to eight years old. taking into account their physiological and age characteristics. In this regard, it is perceived by children in practical classes with great interest and ease.
The main task of adults is to be patient, understand the features of the methodology, and also learn how to use visual aids.
As a result, children will be able to solve easily and quickly math problems and exercises advanced level difficulties.
Games with logic blocks
Gyenesha Zoltan Gyenesh designed logic blocks, allowing you to teach kids the basics of mathematics in an easy game way. This manual is recommended for use from the age of three. Logic blocks introduce children to different colors, the concept of shape and size. Playing with Gyenes blocks, the baby actively develops logic, attention, imagination, memory and other important psychological processes. In the course of working with the author's didactic material, children develop the skills to perform various subject actions, develop speech, the ability to analyze, classify, compare, generalize the information received, and also reveal Creative skills.
To the set 48 logic blocks are included for the game, which differ in shape, color, thickness and size. Gyenes blocks are presented in the form of basic geometric shapes: circle, rectangle, square, triangle, decorated in yellow, red and blue colors. Geometric figures are made in large and small sizes, as well as in the form of thin and thick figures. It is important that there are no geometric figures with the same parameters in the set.
Before playing with blocks Zoltan Gyenes advises parents to introduce the baby in advance with data didactic guide. Lay out the kit in front of the baby and give him complete freedom actions. He can touch them, touch them, hold them in his hands, or even play with them. After the adjustment period, invite the child to complete small tasks. For example, ask the child to sort only the blue shapes from the material presented, or to distribute the shapes by size and thickness.
Such tasks introduce the child to the basic mathematical concepts.
Zoltan Gyenes has developed many math games block-based. So the didactic set is attached detailed instructions, on the pages of which the essence of the author's and options for exercises and games are described. Let's consider some of them in detail:
Games with hoops in the Gyenesch system
Zoltan Gyenes has developed puzzle games with hoops that are excellent develop children's ability to think logically and navigate in space. Before playing, explain to the child the basic terminology - "inside" and "outside" the hoop.
For this purpose, parents use two standard hoops that differ in color, such as purple and green, and place them on any hard surface. Further, the following aspects are explained to the baby:
- what part of the surface is located inside the two hoops;
- inside the purple hoop, but outside the green one;
- inside the green but outside the purple hoop;
- outside of both hoops.
Consider in detail the content of some games.
To play with one hoop, you need to prepare logical blocks and a hoop. Next, invite the baby to place only yellow blocks inside the hoop, and place the rest of the blocks outside the hoop. The following questions can be asked to reinforce the information:
- What material is inside the hoop? (Yellow).
- What blocks are located outside the hoop? (not yellow).
During the game, give the baby the opportunity to independently choose the main color of the logical blocks.
To play with two hoops, prepare logic blocks and hoops that differ in purple and blue. Place hoops on a hard surface so that they have a common part after crossing. Next, invite the child to stand in different zones of the hoop, while saying the words: inside and outside the hoop. For example, stand inside the purple hoop but outside the blue hoop, or stand inside both hoops.
Then the kid places logical blocks inside two hoops. For example, inside the purple hoop you need to place all the blue blocks, and inside the yellow hoop - the round blocks. It should be noted that in this game blocks are determined by two main features: color and shape.
A more difficult level is played with three hoops. In this game, kids sort the blocks according to three criteria. To play, you need to arrange the hoops so that you get eight areas. Further, parents with the baby name these areas in relation to the hoops, which differ in color. For example, inside a green and red hoop, but outside a purple hoop, or inside three hoops. After getting acquainted with the areas, adults offer the child to place objects in hoops: place blocks inside the red hoop square shape, inside the purple hoop - large blocks, and inside the green - yellow blocks. To consolidate and repeat the material, ask the baby additional questions according to the location of the material inside the hoops.
Games with hoops help kids develop attention, memory, imaginative thinking, and also teach synthesis and analysis operations.
Games with logical Gyenesh figures
Based on the Gyenes system, many manuals have been developed for various age categories. Gyenesh's logic games can be played by both three-year-old toddlers and first-graders. The "Let's play together" set includes flat logical figures that repeat Gyenes blocks and special cards with property symbols. Gyenes' logical figures introduce kids to basic geometric shapes and sizes. In an easy game form, children learn to encode and decode the information received, to carry out analysis and synthesis, and the kids also develop important psychological processes and creative thinking. With the help of symbol cards, children master the skills of using mathematical signs and learn the symbol system.
Today, a large number of game options with Gyenesh figures and symbols are presented for parents and teachers. You can also think of your own game options that will take into account all the individual characteristics of your child. Consider several games with cards symbols and logical figures.
The game "Decorate the Christmas tree with beads" teaches ordinal counting, instills the ability to understand patterns, and also develops the child's abstract thinking.
To work, you need to prepare an image of a Christmas tree, logical figures and cards with symbols. The goal of the game is to decorate the Christmas tree with five rows of beads.
Each row has three beads. On the card, the number indicates the serial number of the thread. You need to decorate the Christmas tree from top to bottom. According to the scheme, it is necessary to decorate the first row with beads. For example, a large blue circle, a small blue triangle, and a large blue square. By analogy, we place the remaining beads. In this case, the shaded circle indicates the location of the bead on the thread.
Game "Shop" develops in kids the ability to reason, argue and prove their own choice.
During the game you will need logical figures and cards with pictures various items. The child imagines that he comes to a children's toy store. To buy goods, special money is used - logical figures. Only one item is allowed per banknote. The purchase rules are that you can buy the toy in which there is only one property of the logical figure. Parents can make it difficult for a child to choose a toy. For example, when buying a toy, consider two properties of a logical figure.
Game "Artists" teaches kids to compare the properties of objects and develops his aesthetic abilities. For the game, prepare in advance logical figures, special sketches of paintings and additional details for decorating the picture. The child must draw a picture according to the sketch. Parents with a baby choose a sketch, background paper, necessary details and logical figures for the picture. In the process of work, the kid must take into account many features in order to draw a picture correctly. For example, if the part is colored, then you need to use a three-dimensional figure. The outline of the part indicates the use of a flat figure. When the picture is completely composed, it is necessary to come up with its name and tell what is depicted on it.
Benefits of the Gyenesch system
The Gyenesch system is not as well known among parents as, for example, the Nikitin method or games. This system and its multifunctional didactic material will immediately appeal to the child, regardless of his level of training and age. Logic blocks will help develop different types thinking in the baby, will reveal his potential for solving exercises and tasks. If you use figures or Gyenes blocks daily for classes with a crumb, then the baby will form a working memory and the ability to characterize the properties of any object.
In an easy game format, the child studies the parameters of objects and geometric shapes. Kids learn to compare, analyze information, make the necessary decisions, create mathematical models, logical series and chains.
At the same time, games with Gyenes blocks are distinguished by an exciting plot, interesting solutions to the tasks. The Gyenesh system is recognized as effective and humane, contributing to the development of intellectual, aesthetic, creative abilities of children.
"Gyenes logic blocks - universal didactic material".
In preschool didactics there is a huge variety of didactic materials. However, few give the opportunity to form in a complex all the mental skills that are important for mental, in particular mathematical, development, and at the same time throughout the entire preschool childhood. The most effective tool is the logical blocks developed by the Hungarian psychologist and mathematician Gyenesh for early logical propaedeutics, and above all for preparing children's thinking for learning mathematics.
"What are Gyenes blocks":
In the methodological and popular science literature, this material can be found under different names: "logical figures", "logical cubes", "logical blocks", but in each of the names the focus on the development of logical thinking is emphasized. The flat version of logical blocks (logical figures) is used in primary school when studying mathematics.
What is this material?
The set of logical blocks consists of 48 three-dimensional geometric shapes that differ in shape, color, size and thickness.
Thus, each figure is characterized by four properties: color, shape, size and thickness. There are not even two figures in the set that are identical in all properties. Specific properties (red, blue, yellow, rectangular, round, triangular, square) and differences in size and thickness of figures are such that children easily recognize and name.
The set of blocks includes: 12 circles - 6 large (red thick, red thin, blue thick, blue thin, yellow thick, yellow thin) and 6 small ones (red thick, red thin, blue thick, blue thin, yellow thick, yellow thin ), 12 of the same squares, 12 rectangles, 12 triangles.
Logical blocks help the child master mental operations and actions that are important both in terms of pre-math preparation and in terms of general intellectual development. These actions include: identifying properties, abstracting them, comparing, classifying, generalizing, encoding and decoding, as well as logical operations “not”, “and”, “or”. Moreover, using blocks, you can lay in the minds of kids the beginning of an elementary algorithmic culture of thinking, develop their ability to act in the mind, master ideas about numbers and geometric shapes, and spatial orientation.
A set of logical blocks makes it possible to guide children in their development from operating with one property of an object to operating with two, three and four properties. In the process of various actions with blocks, children first master the ability to identify and abstract one property in objects (color, shape, size, thickness), compare, classify and generalize objects according to one of these properties. Then they master the ability to analyze, compare, classify and generalize objects at once by two properties (color and shape, shape and size, size and thickness, etc.), a little later - by three (color, shape and size; shape, size and thickness; color, size and thickness) and four properties (color, shape, size and thickness). At the same time, in the same exercise, you can always vary the rules for completing the task, taking into account the capabilities of children. For example, several children are building paths from the bear's house to help Mashenka run away to grandparents. But one child is invited to build a path so that there are no blocks of the same shape nearby (operating with one property), another - so that there are no blocks of the same shape and color next to each other (operating with two properties at once), the third - so that there are no identical blocks nearby, color and size of blocks (operating with three properties at the same time).
Depending on the age of the children, you can use not the whole set, but some part of it: first, the blocks are different in shape and color, but the same in size and thickness (12 pieces), then different in shape, color and size, but the same in size. thickness (24 pieces) and at the end - a complete set of figures (48 pieces). And this is very important. After all, the more diverse the material, the more difficult it is to abstract some properties from others, and therefore, to compare, classify, and generalize.
With logical blocks, the child performs various actions: lays out, swaps, cleans, hides, searches, divides between "quarreled" toys, etc., and in the course of actions he argues.
Since logical blocks are standards of shapes - geometric shapes (circle, square, equilateral triangle, rectangle), they can be widely used to familiarize children, starting with early age, with the shapes of objects and geometric shapes, while solving many other developmental problems.
An intellectual journey will be exciting and joyful for children if, firstly, you always remember that an adult should be an equal participant in games or exercises, capable, like a child, of making mistakes, and secondly, if you do not rush to point out mistakes to children.
Before starting games and exercises, give children the opportunity to get to know the logic blocks on their own. Let them use them as they please different types activities. In the process of various manipulations with the blocks, children will find that they have a different shape, color, size, thickness. After such an independent acquaintance, you can move on to games and exercises.
Sample block games
Search for identical shapes.
You can even play with kids. Invite the child to decompose the figures according to their properties, to collect all the red ones, or all the square ones.
Treat a toy.
The child needs to arrange the figures in such a way that each toy has figures of only the same thickness, the same size, etc.
House.
You will need a sheet of paper and a pencil. Draw a sheet into 6 squares - these will be rooms. In 5 rooms, put blocks of certain colors, and leave the sixth empty. The child must guess what color the figure should be in this room.
Find the same one.
Show the child any selected block and ask him to find the same one. You can complicate the task and search for shapes by two identical features (thickness and color).
What is superfluous.
Lay out 4-5 blocks in front of the baby. There is one extra in a row - it may differ in color, shape. The kid must explain why he thinks that this figure is superfluous.
Circle game.
Draw a circle. The kid should place all the red figures inside the circle, and all the blue ones outside.
Tracks.
Lay out a strip of 4-5 blocks, lay out figures of a different size (color, shape) above each figure.
Show me.
Ask the baby to show - not a circle and not a square, not a blue and not a thick block, not a round and not a red one, etc.
Chain game |
Teach to lay out blocks with a certain sequence: blue, red, blue, red. Or circle, triangle, circle, triangle. Add a third shape. You can complicate the task - lay out the chain, but skip the middle. Offer to assemble a path so that each next figure differs from the previous one in one sign.
When the child masters the simplest logical operations, move on to more complex tasks.
Guess!
Hide one shape. The child must guess which block is hidden, he asks leading questions, the answer to which is only “yes” or “no”. For example, a child asks - is this figure square? No. Removes all round shapes together. - Is she red? No. Removes red.
Groups.
Draw two intersecting circles. All blue figures can lie in the left circle, and all triangles in the right one. In the middle you need to put figures that fit both the first and second circle. The problem will arise when the child takes the blue triangle, where to put it? Well, if the child himself guesses that the figure belongs to both sets. This task only seems simple, but it is very important for the formation of the ability to divide many objects into different groups.
Unraveling the figure by sign- symbolic images. The child rolls the dice and looks for a matching figure.
Score.
Goods - cards with the image of objects. The child comes to the store with toys. He has 3 logical figures "money". For one "money" you can buy one toy, in which there is at least one property of a logical figure. For example, if “money” is a blue triangle, then a child can buy a toy that contains either a blue triangle or just a triangle. The rules are complicated by the choice of a toy according to 2, 3 properties.
Architect.
The child must develop a project for a children's playground. The material for construction is selected in strict accordance with the rules. For example: the child takes any block. Let's say a blue big thick block. "Beginning" will tell you where we start building from. In a rhombus, the question is: is your block red? - No, we move to the right. The question of the second diamond is your block round? - no, we get to the end of the scheme. This block can be used during construction.
By analogy, you can come up with your own, new versions of games, there are also special albums with which your lessons will become much easier, since there are already games specially selected for age.
- what it is? Another popular "development" today? A simple construction set, for unknown reasons, so popular among parents interested in early development?
A "magic" game for young mathematicians? Perhaps just a little bit.
Zoltan Gyenes, the inventor of logical blocks, is a Hungarian mathematician and teacher who developed the theory of “new mathematics” and believed that learning is better not at a desk, but by playing. Moreover, the "frivolous" form does not exclude serious content. While playing, children are able to comprehend very complex mathematical and logical concepts - up to working with abstract systems and symbols.
Gyenes believed that the ability to work with symbols, to understand their language, is one of the last, most “difficult” stages in the development of mathematical thinking. Well, you can't argue with that! We can all see the difference between a toddler who solves a problem with practical trials and a high school student who operates with abstractions. (Yes, and in ordinary life, the ability to see the relationship and cause-and-effect chains between objects, objects, events, the ability to think systematically is one of the keys to success. So the development of a child’s logical thinking is useful not only for school, but also for a “big” life )
What are the famous Gyenes logic blocks and why do our children need them? Logic blocks is an educational game designed for children from 2 to 10 years old.
Main goal and task- help children learn how to perform logical operations (that is, get to know the basis, the core of mathematics!) - break objects by property, encode information, generalize and find differences, compare, classify objects, etc.
Gyenes blocks help children get acquainted with the features of objects (shape, color, size, etc.), develop spatial imagination, creativity, fantasy, design, modeling skills, speech, logical thinking, and even independence and arbitrariness!
Of course, each age stage has its own level of "entry" into mathematics. And the beauty of the blocks of the Hungarian mathematician is that with the help of them you can come up with games and activities for each of the ages - in accordance with the information that the child is ready to learn.
In fact, logic blocks are a “growth game” that will be useful for years to come.
The set consists of 48 different logical blocks:
- colors (red, yellow blue)
- shapes (round, square, triangular, rectangular)
- sizes (large and small)
- thick (thick and thin)
There are no identical figures in the set, each has a unique combination of these four features: color, shape, size and thickness.
When playing with Gyenesh blocks, they often use additional cards- with property symbols: 11 cards with symbol properties (yellow) and 11 - with the negation of properties (non-round)
Where to start?
What can and should be taught to two-year-olds, what will be interesting for children of 4 or 6 years of age?
Formally, you can divide the goals into a sequential chain:
- first teach children to identify properties
- then compare objects according to the found properties
- move on to classification, generalization
- we master logical operations and the language of symbols.
Options for activities and gameswith Gyenes Blocks .
How to play?
Theoretically, the simplest, the first options are suitable for the smallest, and the last for older children. It doesn't really have to be tied to age. It is better to focus on what your child can and wants. It is important not to force him to solve "high" level problems immediately and again and again play easier and simple games, until you jointly achieve a given goal - for example, get acquainted with the properties of objects or learn how to separate blocks according to a certain attribute. For kids 2-4 years old, it is better to “play out” classes in a fairy-tale form - for example, we do not just disassemble the blocks by color, but collect “flowers” or “mushrooms” in different baskets. When playing the "chain" described below, you can not only collect this sequence of blocks, but build "bridges" for the mouse across the river.
Introduction to properties.
1. The block box has holes to match the blocks. The smallest mathematicians will be happy to put the figures into the "houses" according to their holes - that is, the game acts as an analog of the inserts.
2. "Without looking." We put different blocks in a bag and ask, without looking, that is, by touch, to recognize and get blocks of a certain shape.
3. "Sort by attribute." We spread all the blocks in a common pile and ask to separate all the circles. Then - all the blue items, etc.
4. "Find the same." We show one block and offer to find the same in thickness (color, shape, size). Then - "not the same."
A more complex version of this game - we show the blocks and offer to find “blocks the same as this one” by already two properties (size - color, for example) That is, find the same blocks as this one - all blue and square.
Another "step up" is the complication of search criteria. Please find all blocks that are the same as this one, with two similar properties and one different. That is, for example, to find blocks of the same shape and color, but of a different size.
5. "Who is superfluous." We offer the child several pre-selected blocks. One of them must be redundant, that is, differ in one property. Let's say three blue blocks and one yellow. We offer to guess what is superfluous and be sure to ask why?
Comparison by properties
1. If you imagine that Gyenesh blocks are treats for dolls, then you can invite the children to share the treat. Let's say bunnies only eat carrots (triangles or red blocks), and bears only eat honey (rectangular "barrels" or yellow blocks). We lay out the whole set in a common pile and ask the baby to choose all the treats suitable for the bunny and the bear.
A more difficult version of the game is to take 4 toys - 2 pairs of similar, but different sizes. For example, we take two bunnies - large and small, and two bears, large and small. Accordingly, the baby should find all the appropriate treats for a big bear, but a larger one, for a small one - a smaller one. Same thing with bunnies.
After laying out the figures, the baby can be asked - what figures did the big bear get? Large yellow (or large rectangles). And the little bunny?
2. "Who is faster?" You can choose blocks with the necessary features quickly, competing with your parents - who will collect more red blocks faster? Or who will collect the blocks of their color faster (you collect all the yellow ones, the kid - all the blue ones)
A more difficult option: collect the speed of all blocks of the same color, but with the exception of, for example, triangular ones. Or thin. That is, the child needs not only to single out blocks of one common feature, but also to exclude from them some of the “inappropriate” ones.
3. "Chains" - building chains, sequences of blocks (figures). We ask the child to lay out a chain of blocks according to certain signs: all the figures are of the same color or size. Then - all the figures of the same color, but different sizes, etc.
A more complicated option - we ask you to lay out a chain so that neighboring figures have one common feature. For example, a child puts a yellow circle, the next figure can be either yellow, but not a circle, or a circle, but not yellow. Let's say blue square. Accordingly, the next figure will be a blue circle or a yellow square, etc.
Another version of the game is to build a chain when each next block differs from the other in all 4 properties.
For those who like to solve puzzles, you can offer a chain where there is a beginning - one block - and an end - a completely different one. For example, you put a yellow thin rectangular block and a blue thick large round one. This is the beginning and the end. The kid builds a chain so that the new block differs from the previous one in one property. Accordingly, the penultimate block should differ from the last one (put by you) by only one property.
4. "Non-property". We take a block and ask the child to describe its properties using the “not” particle. For example, what is the blue triangular block? Not-red, not-square, not-thin. Then you can ask to find all similar "non-blocks" - all "non-blue" or "non-triangular".
5. "Guessing game". For this game you need logic blocks and a bag. The host (for example, you) takes one block and, so that the second player does not see, hides it in a bag. The second player (the child) must guess what the figure is in the bag by asking questions to which you can only answer "yes" or "no". Accordingly, questions should be such as: “Is this figure yellow?”, “Is it a rectangle?”
Classification, logical operations
We take out an arbitrary set of Gyenes blocks, including different shapes, colors, etc. and ask - which is more - squares or blue blocks? The task of the kid is to isolate all the squares and blue blocks, count them and compare. Thus, the child learns division into classes and comparison.
1. Game with areas. We draw on paper or lay out on the floor from a rope 2-3 (we can start with two) non-intersecting spaces (for example, a circle). We ask the child to put, say, red blocks inside the first one, and blue ones inside the second one. Along the way, we explain what is inside and outside, if the child is not yet familiar with these concepts.
Next task. We work with only one circle. We free up space and ask you to put all the square blocks inside one, and all the triangular ones, for example, outside it.
Following. We draw (lay out) already two intersecting circles. We take three types of logical blocks - for example, different colors. Please place all blue blocks in the left circle. All blocks of square color are in the right. And all the blue squares are in two circles at the same time (that is, in the area where two circles intersect). The task can be supplemented - all non-blue and non-square blocks (which ones - we do not name) are located outside both circles. This task - training on splitting sets into classes - is not so easy, by the way!
If it’s hard for a child to cope with this task on his own at first, you can start “from the other end” - you lay out the blocks in areas on your own, and the child is asked to name the blocks with what properties lie inside the first circle, the second, inside two circles at the same time, outside them. When the baby understands what is at stake, you can try to return to the previous tasks.
2. "Drawing". For this game, cards with the designation of properties and "non-properties" are desirable. We first draw a drawing, for example, of a house or a castle, where each element is indicated by a property (card). For example, the base is two non-yellow rectangular blocks, on which are non-circular, non-blue blocks, then - yellow non-triangular, non-thin, all done by a non-square red roof. The kid must build the castle according to your written drawing (or verbal instructions). You can arrange a competition - you simultaneously draw drawings for each other and build castles for speed - the correct execution is also taken into account in the assessment.
Gyenes logic blocks, as you can see, involve countless games that you can invent yourself. Design, modeling, counting, development of memory and speech, imagination, the ability to perform logical operations - all this allows you to develop wonderful "cubes and triangles". And, if at some point this is not enough for you, take a closer look at the additional materials that are designed specifically for working with blocks and are aimed at developing individual skills and abilities for children themselves. different ages. Good luck!
