Games to develop the attention of older preschoolers. Methods for developing attention in preschoolers, interesting exercises. We listen and clap
Veronika Klyueva
Games for the development of attention in preschoolers
Attention is a manifestation of the selective orientation of consciousness processes. The level of its development largely determines the success of the child in learning. Attention is a necessary condition for any activity: educational, playful, cognitive.
For before school age attention develops from involuntary, that is, arising by itself under the influence of external impressions, to arbitrary, controlled by a conscious effort of will. The disorganized behavior of children, their increased impulsiveness and restlessness, as a rule, are the result of an inability to control their behavior and attention. The child himself cannot overcome these shortcomings. Voluntary attention develops quite intensively if adults help the child.
Any game requires attention, but usually this aspect acts as an auxiliary, accompanying the solution of other tasks. In order to develop a child's focus, stability and concentration of attention, you need special games where this task is at the center of the activity of the child and adult.
Exercises and games for training attention, many of which do not require special training and which can be carried out anywhere, are widely known: laying out according to the model, pictures “Find differences”, “Find two identical”, “Cross out the letter”, “What the artist mixed up ? and others. The main thing is the systematic, diversity and enthusiasm of adults and children.
With a subgroup of children, you can play the following games.
One, two, three - speak!
Objective of the game:
To teach children to identify several different conditions for solving a problem and take them into account when performing game actions. One of these conditions requires cognitive activity, and others - volitional efforts.
Game description:
As a game material, pictures are used that reflect the subject environment of the child (things, animals, clothes, trees, etc.).
An adult invites children to play with pictures: “I will show them one at a time, and you call them. You only need to call after my signal. First, carefully look at what is drawn, and remember what it is called. But don't say anything until I say: "One, two, three - speak!" Whoever names the picture first after my signal will receive it. Let's try". There is a short pause before the last word (speak). The one who names the picture first gets it. It is necessary to have duplicate pictures in case several children give the correct answer at once.
Then the game changes. Guessing is not offered to all children at the same time, but to two or three. Groups are formed in order of priority.
Rules of the game:
1. Before giving an answer, you need to carefully look at the picture and remember the name of the depicted object.
2. You can name an object only after the words: “One, two, three - speak!”
Put your finger
Objective of the game:
The development of focused attention.
Game description:
The child must choose from a large number of objects familiar to him, shown in the pictures, the one that the adult named, and quickly point to it with his finger. The difficulty lies in the fact that the child must overcome the external attractiveness of other pictures and focus only on the one that the teacher will name. The child receives the found picture as a prize. The main requirement of the game is to look for a picture with your eyes, not with your hands, and only at the last moment put your finger on it. You can help your child restrain himself by inviting him to hold his finger at the edge of the table until the picture is named.
At the beginning of the game, children are invited to look at all the pictures, name the objects depicted on them. After that, a couple of children are invited, in front of which all the pictures are laid out. Explain the rules of the game. Then the words are pronounced: “Which of you will find and indicate with your finger where the apple is located first?” The children show the picture, and the teacher turns to the others: Who put his finger on the apple before? The children answer and the winner gets a picture. The second child is given the opportunity to "recoup", but if he does not find the picture this time, the next pair of children is called. The pictures given to the children are replaced with new ones.
Rules of the game:
1. Hold the finger of the right hand at the edge of the table until the adult calls the object. It is forbidden to remove your finger from the table ahead of time.
2. The person who puts their finger on it first gets the picture.
3. The winner is called by all participants in the game.
Hide and seek with toys
Objective of the game:
The development of attention span in children.
Game description:
An adult puts several new toys on the table, calls three children to him and invites them in turn to choose the toy that they like best. Children should carefully consider their toys. Then the children stand facing the wall and close their eyes. While the children are standing eyes closed, the adult hides each of the toys in some conspicuous place. The toy should be among other objects familiar to children (a doll among dolls, a car among cars). The rest of the children are told that they must not reveal the secret where the toys are hiding. Each driver must find his own toy. “It’s time,” the adult and children say in unison, and the drivers begin to look. When they return with toys, the adult asks the rest of the children: “Who found the toy first? Did he find his toy? The winner is given a prize. The game is repeated from the beginning, and now the children themselves hide the toys.
Rules of the game:
1. Search only for the toy that you have chosen, without being distracted by others.
2. Do not tell drivers. The violator will not be chosen to look for toys.
3. When toys are hidden, you can not open your eyes.
Respond, do not yawn!
Objective of the game:
The development of sustained focused attention in children.
Game description:
Children sit in two rows opposite each other. An adult distributes to children pictures depicting animals, children, birds, and children from one row should have the same pictures as children from the second row, that is, each picture should have a pair. An adult explains to the children that every animal, bird or man in the picture has a friend, that is, exactly the same picture. Each character must call his friend in the appropriate voice (if the picture is a cow, then moo, if a dog, then bark, if a boy or girl - call by name). All instructions are clearly explained. Everyone who was called should respond quickly. Friends should approach an adult, show each other their pictures and make sure that they are the same. Then other children continue the game.
2. You need to be careful and respond to the call of your couple in time.
3. It is forbidden to show the received picture ahead of time. For the time being, this is the secret of every child.
find the mistake
Objective of the game:
Development of auditory attention and memory.
Game description:
1 option. The adult asks to listen carefully and slowly reads the poem, then invites the children to say what the cook put and where.
The cook was preparing dinner
And then the lights were turned off.
The cook takes bream
And lowers it into compote.
Throws logs into the cauldron,
Putting jam in the oven
It interferes with the soup with a stalk,
Ugli beats with a ladle,
Sugar pours into the broth
And he is very pleased.
That was the vinaigrette
When the light was repaired (O. Grigoriev)
Option 2. Listen to the confusing poem and say what is wrong in it.
Warm spring now
Our grapes are ripe.
Horned horse in the meadow
Jumping in the snow in summer.
Late autumn bear
Likes to sit in the river.
And in winter among the branches
"Ha-ha-ha" - sang the nightingale.
Quickly give me an answer -
Is it true or not? (L. Stanichev)
Rules of the game:
1. Do not shout out the answer until the poem has been read to the end.
Cross out the circle with a dot
The task of the game: Development of the distribution of attention.
Game description:
On a sheet of paper, draw 25 circles with a diameter of a five-ruble coin. Put a dot inside some. While the sand is being poured into the hourglass, cross out the dot inside the circles.
We listen and clap
The task of the game: the development of selectivity of attention, thinking.
Game description:
Children are invited to listen carefully and clap their hands when they hear the name of an animal among the called words. The set of words can be like this:
Christmas tree, lily of the valley, elephant, chamomile.
Doll, hare, mushroom, car.
Grapes, river, forest, squirrel.
Skis, giraffe, plane, vase.
By analogy, you can use the names of plants, toys, etc.
A few more games to develop attention and memory.
What has appeared?
An adult puts several objects on the table: a cube, a small toy, a cup, a candle, hourglass etc. Children look at objects for 1-2 minutes. Then he asks the children to turn away and adds a few more to the row of objects. He asks one of the children to turn around and name what has appeared. Then the child turns away again. For each of the children - different additional items.
In order
An adult lays out 6-8 cards with different images in a row in front of the child. The child looks at the cards for 2 minutes, after which the cards are shuffled and the child is asked to arrange them in the same order.
White-black
Put 10 strips (length 10 cm, alternating: two white, two black, one white, three black, two white. Children look at the strips for 1 minute. The adult asks the children to turn away and lays out the black strips to black, white to white. Then asks the children to turn around and arrange the strips as they lay in. Each child has a different set of strips.The adult has a sample on the card to check.
Remember and draw
On a piece of paper, draw eight circles of different diameters and colors. Children look at the picture for 1 minute. Then the adult collects the sheets with the drawn circles and gives the children blank sheets. Children must remember, draw and color the circles.
Things around us
An adult invites the children to carefully examine the cabinet for 3 minutes. Then the children close their eyes and answer the questions: “What is on the table? What is in the closet? What is hanging on the wall? etc. Items should be periodically swapped, removed and new ones added.
Literature:
1. Aralova M. A. Handbook of a preschool psychologist. - M. : TC Sphere, 2010.
2. Kolesnikova E.V. Is your child ready for school? Tests. – Ed. 3rd, revised. - M .: Publishing house "Yuventa", 2008.
One of the questions that worries many parents is what exercises will help develop attention in children. It can be seen that babies are rarely focused and concentrated, sometimes it is not easy for them to do one thing, and yet attention is necessary not only for the sake of success in learning or playing, but also for their own safety.
What is attention?
Attention is a certain psychological process, the ability of a person to concentrate on the necessary action. The success of the child at school largely depends on how well it is developed, therefore it is very important to start working at preschool age, to create conditions for involuntary attention to develop into an arbitrary, volitional ability to concentrate. And the best thing parents can do is develop the ability to concentrate through play.
The following characteristics of this process can be distinguished.
- Volume. That is, the amount of information that a child can hold in his mind.
- Concentration. The child's ability to concentrate on something specific.
- Sustainability. The time period during which it is possible to maintain concentration.
- Distribution. The ability to divide attention into several simultaneous processes.
- switchability. The ability to quickly shift focus from one activity to another.
The task of parents is to engage with children so productively that all these characteristics are formed and developed in them.
Attention is one of the processes of the cognitive, that is, cognitive sphere of a person - along with memory, thinking, perception and imagination. Without concentration, it is impossible to obtain new information in the required volume, to remember it, so this process can be called the first stage of cognition with full confidence. Further, with the help of memory, a person accumulates the acquired information. Only with the necessary level of attention, the child will be able to learn such cognitive processes as reading, writing, learning in the future.
Kinds
There are several types of attention that have their own specifics in preschool children.
First of all, passive (involuntary, or unintentional) attention, that is, focusing on something interesting, unusual, without the willful efforts of the baby. At preschool age, it is this type that is the main one: at first, children pay attention to something noticeable, then they begin to be interested in what they did not know before, new to themselves.
The next stage of development is the formation of voluntary attention, and it is important to understand that it will not arise by itself from involuntary attention, for this it is necessary to train the child. The active variety is directly related to volitional efforts, so if the child is sick or irritable, his ability to concentrate is reduced. Voluntary attention begins to form at the age of 4-5, although the first type still remains the leading one throughout preschool childhood.
Concentration norms
Attention concentration refers to the time period during which a person is able to maintain focus on a single action. In children, it can have a different duration depending on age, but even the number of years lived is not a fundamental factor. The norm depends on the individual characteristics of the baby. The table shows specific indicators.
Indicators can be either increased or decreased, because attention, like the body and brain, can be trained with special exercises. Regular classes with a preschooler will give parents and the child a good mood, and will also be very useful for improving the ability to concentrate on something and maintain this focus. It is necessary to develop it so that the child becomes more observant, can easily detect any small details, subtle signs. All this will further help in the learning process, since attention is closely related to memorization.
Formation of attention
Psychologists distinguish 6 stages of development of attention in children.
- Scattered (from 0 to 1 year). Children are able to be distracted by any noise or a new toy.
- Fixed (1-2 years). The kid, busy with his own business, is so absorbed in it that he does not notice anything around.
- Flexible single channel (2-3 years). He can stop his occupation when he hears an appeal to himself, but he will return to it very quickly.
- The current single-channel (3-4 years). Children can switch from one process to another, interrupt their activities, then return to them again.
- Two-channel short (4-5 years). The child gains the ability to do two things at the same time - for example, play and listen to what his mother says to him. If necessary, perform a complex action is able to concentrate on it.
- The current two-channel (5-6 years). It can do two things at the same time, which is why attention training should begin from this age.
Knowing these stages will help parents better understand the child.
Techniques for increasing attention
We have seen that the development of the ability to concentrate is of particular importance for preschoolers. And parents should train their children using an unobtrusive game form. Let's highlight a few tricks and tricks that you can use.
- Maintain interest. Using game forms, you can ensure that the child will be engaged with great pleasure, and, accordingly, carefully.
- Stick to the duration of the lessons. So, when studying numbers with a child of 4 years old, you need to understand that the baby is able to hold attention for no more than 20 minutes, so it’s better to keep within educational material within these limits.
- Favorite characters and toys will also help not to lose interest, and therefore - to listen and perceive what the parent says.
- Show example. You can explain to the child that if he is attentive, tries to fulfill the task of his parents, then the result (for example, a tower of cubes) will turn out much better than if he worked without concentrating, somehow.
- Reading and attention are interrelated, so to improve the second, you can teach your child the first. While the baby is just getting acquainted with the letters, the mother can read interesting fairy tales and stories to him. After that, you must definitely discuss what you read, asking to retell, asking questions. This will help you find out how attentively the baby listened.
If the baby does not concentrate well and is very far from his age norm, then he may have shallow breathing. Inflating balloons, soap bubbles, playing the pipe or whistle will help correct the situation. In addition, studies have shown that outdoor walks and active sports games are very useful for children.
Types of exercises for development
The following types of tasks for attention for 5–6 years old can be distinguished.
- Repetition. The parent draws a series of 2-3 repeating figures on paper, the task of the child is to determine which one should go next and complete the series. Instead of figures, you can build rows of letters.
- Search for excess. At first, the task is simple: for example, the baby is offered 10 triangles and 1 square, or 5 animals and one plant. We gradually complicate: 5 garden and 1 wild flower are presented.
- Find the difference. The game is well known to everyone. Two almost identical pictures are laid out in front of the child, his task is to find those details that are somewhat different. The level of difficulty also varies depending on the preparedness.
- Variation of the previous task - find two identical ones. The child is offered an illustration that shows several objects, such as vases, which differ from each other in minor details. The preschooler must carefully consider the models and find two identical ones among them. In the early stages of work, it is better to use pictures with obvious differences, this will help the child gain self-confidence and reinforce his interest. Further tasks become more difficult.
- Working with pictures. There are special illustrations in which animals, such as tigers or wolves, are presented in a veiled form. You can invite the child to find them all.
- Correlation between an object and its shadow.
- Coloring by numbers. The parent gives the child a black and white picture that needs to be colored, while the picture itself is divided into fragments, each of which is marked with its own number. A decoding of numbers is issued separately (for example, 6 is pink, 5 is red). The task of the baby is to carefully color the image without confusing the tone.
- Drawing by numbers. A very good exercise for preschoolers who are familiar with counting to one hundred, and children of primary school age. The child is offered a picture, which so far consists only of dots, next to which some number is indicated. The kid must connect them, moving in order: first find 1, then connect it to 2 and so on.
It is important to remember that training should be built on the principle of “from simple to complex”. If something does not work out for the child, you should postpone this task and offer him a simpler option.
Examples of simple games
There are a huge number of all kinds of games and tasks that will help the baby learn to concentrate, as well as give a good mood. The main thing is to conduct them in a positive way, the child should not even have the thought that he is being taught something. It is better if he is sure that mom and dad are playing with him.
auditory attention
"Edible - inedible" - simple, but effective play, which can be played both with one baby and with several. Mom tosses the ball while saying the name of a dish, product, or inedible item such as clothing. The child listens carefully. If he hears the name of the food, then he catches the ball, but if something that has nothing to do with cooking sounds, then you need to hit the ball.
There are many variations, so when the child is tired of the products and he is bored, you can offer slightly different games.
- "Flies - does not fly." Mom calls animals and birds, the child, when he hears the name of the bird, raises his hands, the beast - crouches. Over time, the task becomes more complicated - the adult calls the animal and raises his hands, while the child must pay attention and sit down.
- "Harvest". Mom is reading a story in which she will periodically insert the words “plums” and “cherries”, and not always out of place. The child must, firstly, hear the words-signals themselves, and then perform the action: jump with “plums”, and stand on one leg with “cherries”. An important feature is that the exercise is done from simple to complex: first, when pronouncing the text, the parent highlights signal words with his voice, then pronounces them in a normal rhythm so that the child is more attentive.
- "Catch - do not catch." You will need two small balls - light and dark. A bright child should always catch, and a dark one only when his mother throws him silently. If at the same time the command “Catch” sounds, then it is impossible to catch.
- "Repeat the rhythm." Mom sets some simple rhythm, beating it with her palms, the baby must repeat.
- "Claps". Too interesting task, the level of difficulty of which can vary depending on the preparation of the child. Mom gives the installation: when she claps 1 time, the child stands on her toes, when twice - on her heels, when three times - she squats. Gradually increases the speed of pops.
All these games are good because they are not tied to a specific place, they can be played almost everywhere, while the child will not have the feeling that he is being taught something, he will be fun and interesting.
A series of tasks
The child is given the installation to complete several tasks (you need to start with three, gradually increasing their number), while all the tasks are listed at once, so the baby will have to remember both the actions themselves and their order. For example:
- Jump 7 times.
- Bring a red item.
- Name a garden flower.
If the child did everything correctly, you should definitely praise him, but if something didn’t work out, correct it, but in a soft, delicate form. Gradually, the number of tasks and their complexity increases, such an exercise will also help improve memory.
Other effective games
It is very important to constantly offer a preschooler something new so that he gets the impression of a game, and not a useful activity. For example, "Dwarfs and Giants." The bottom line is simple: mom names any object, it must be either large (mountain, skyscraper, multi-storey building, whale, elephant) or small (needle, button, coin, bead). The child listens when a word from the “big” series is pronounced, that is, “giant”, then he stands on his toes and raises his arms straight up, when “small” he squats.
If there are several children, you can play Broken Phone. To do this, all participants sit in a row, the first whispers a word in the ear of the second child, he passes it on to the third, and so on. The latter listens to the word and pronounces it out loud, if it coincided with the original version, then the phone works, if not, it is broken.
"Guess where the woodpecker is." An adult knocks, imitating the knock of a woodpecker, either loudly (the bird is close), then softly (far away). The task of the baby is to say exactly where the woodpecker is located.
visual attention
There are a large number of exercises that will help improve visual focus, and you can play in any convenient location- at home, on a walk, on the way to grandma. They are simple, do not require any preparation, and are effective.
- Search for an item. Mom describes some object that is in the room (on the street), the child must find it with his eyes and name it.
- "Look at me". The child examines the mother for several seconds, her outfit, hairstyle, accessories. Then he turns his back on her and answers questions like “what color is my bag”, “do I have a lilac jacket on”, “do I have a brooch”? The main thing is to formulate questions in such a way that the child has a chance to answer them. You can complicate the work: the child looks at his mother, tries to remember the details of her costume, after which she changes something in her appearance, for example, takes off her scarf. The kid must remember the previous image and report what changes have occurred to him. The game is played according to the principle of increasing complexity: at first the change is obvious, then, when it becomes easier to achieve the necessary concentration of attention, the details are chosen less significant. For example, a mother can remove the ring from one finger and put it on the other, or make two changes to her image (of course, the child needs to be warned about this).
- Working with a picture. Very similar to the previous one. The child is given a picture that he has not seen before. He should try to remember as many details as possible. After that, the illustration is removed, and the baby is asked a series of questions.
- Graphic task "Beetle". The parent draws a sheet of paper in advance so that cells are obtained. Places a beetle figurine in one of them. Then he gives the task - listening to his prompts, move the insect. For example: two cells to the right - then one down - now three to the left and one up. Further, the task becomes more complicated: mother immediately names several moves: cell down - two to the left - three up. The child must follow the direction with his eyes and put the beetle in the last cell. You can't move your finger.
- Another good exercise is "Cross out the letter." Mom gives the baby a text, as well as a task - to find all the letters in it, for example, L and cross them out. When it turns out well, you can complicate it: find A and L, cross out L with one line, A - cross out with two.
- "Make it the way it was." Figures are laid out in front of the child in a certain sequence. These can be buttons of different colors and colors, toy dishes, picture cards. The child tries to remember the sequence, then turns away, and the mother swaps some two objects. Turning, the baby should say where the changes have occurred.
Attention development games should be held regularly, only in this case you can expect them to positive effect. Among the many exercises, you can choose those that the baby will like the most and refer to them.
Attention is the main mental property of a person. Attention is one of the most "sick" problems of parents and schoolchildren. "He's so careless!" is a typical exclamation of teachers when parents complain that a child has bad grades.
Attention is characterized by direction and volume, i.e. there is always a limited number of objects in the field of attention. How less baby, the fewer objects it can simultaneously hold in the "field of attention". But even an adult cannot concentrate his attention on more than five objects.
Attention is also characterized by stability, i.e., the time of maintaining attention on an object. The more important the object of attention is for a person, the more stable it is retained. The retention of attention on a particular object is the less, the younger the child.
Finally, attention is characterized by switchability, that is, the speed with which it is transferred from one object to another. In childhood, the child is dominated by involuntary attention, that is, involuntary concentration on an object or phenomenon that has emotional significance for the child.
Attention is drawn to everything that is interesting for the child. Therefore, interest is the most powerful factor in concentration. If the subject or situation is not interesting for a person, but it is necessary to pay attention to it (for example, a boring, uninteresting explanation of the teacher), then attention is focused with the help of volitional effort. Such attention, which is directed by an effort of the will, is called arbitrary.
The highest form of attention is the transition of voluntary attention to observation - the conscious purposeful concentration of mental activity on a specific object. The more developed a child's voluntary attention, the easier it is for him to learn. Since voluntary attention is associated with the development of the will, it is weakly manifested in children and adolescents. At these ages, volitional regulation is generally weak. Therefore, in order to attract the child's attention, you need to focus on its involuntary form, i.e. attract attention with interest.
The game is interesting for the child, which means that with the help of it you can train attention. Below we offer a number of games that will help not only train involuntary attention, but also rebuild it into an arbitrary form and purposeful observation.
A classic and accessible in any conditions game that develops attention is game "What is missing?".
This game can be played with one child or with several. On some surface (table, chair, floor), several small items are laid out within 15 - 20 pieces. These can be pencils, coins, jewelry, small toys, miniature household items (thimble), etc. Children are invited to carefully examine the objects and their location for a few seconds and leave the room. Then there are several options for continuing the game.
1 option. Several items are removed. The task of the child is to determine which objects have disappeared.
Option 2. Several items are transferred to other places. The task of the child is to determine which items are transferred.
3 option. A few more new items are added to the existing items. The child must determine what objects appeared.
4 option. A number of items are removed and new ones are put in their place. The child must determine which items have been removed and which new ones have appeared.
Another common mindfulness training game "Pictures-riddles".
The child is invited to consider special pictures and solve the tasks: to find several identical objects, or to find specific objects in the general plot.
Find two identical elephants
Help Serezha find 6 bears
Find 8 differences between these bunnies
No less entertaining for training attention are various labyrinths.
What kind of cord must be lit to launch a rocket?
Where are the knots formed when the goats rush in different directions?
Relive the puppet: find what thread
☺ The game "The most attentive"
All players leave the room, and the host (often an adult) puts some small object in a prominent place (for example, on a closet, on a table among other items, etc.). For example, a cap from a pen, a ring or a badge, etc. Players take turns entering the room and go around it once in a circle. Their task is to find the object during this time. If they find it, they stay in the room (sit on a chair against the wall so as not to disturb other players), if they don't find it, they leave the room and re-enter after the other players. The task is to find the item on the first try. Those who have done it are the most attentive.
☺ Night watchman game
An interesting game for a group of children of primary school age. It allows you to train not only attention, but also coordination of movements.
The game is played outdoors or indoors. Two guys by lot or at will become "watchmen". Each is blindfolded with a handkerchief. They stand at a distance of about one step from each other, facing each other and holding hands. The rest of the players stand about 8 meters from the "watchmen". In turn, they approach the "watchmen" and try to crawl between them, so that they are not noticed. If they touch the "watchmen" or they feel them and grab them, they change places with the "scout". If the "scout" manages to crawl unnoticed between the "watchmen" three times, then he receives a prize.
The next proposed game is aimed at developing attention when performing physical exercises.
☺ Game "Mirror"
1 option. Two or more people play in pairs. One of the pair will be the "mirror", the second - the leader. The host stands in front of the "mirror" and begins to make various movements and demonstrate various facial expressions. The "Mirror" should repeat these movements and facial expressions at the same pace and rhythm as the host. If he fails, he himself becomes the leader.
Option 2. One person is the leader, the rest are the players. The host stands in front of the players in such a way that everyone can see him. He starts to show some kind of physical exercise, and all other participants must perform the opposite exercise (for example, the leader raised his hands up - the players should lower their hands down; the leader turned his head to the left, and the players to the right; the leader leaned over - the players straightened up, etc. .).
3 option. This option can be done in pairs or as a group. The host begins to imaginatively perform (imitate) some well-known action (for example, dig a garden bed, do a haircut, fry an egg, etc.). Players watch him for 10 seconds, and then begin to mirror his movements until they guess what he did. The player who first correctly guessed what the leader was doing becomes the leader himself.
Games and exercises for the development of attention in preschool children
Labyrinths.
This task is recommended to be used at the first stages of working with a child, as it is aimed at developing the qualities necessary for any activity: concentration and stability of attention, the ability to plan one’s activities and exercise self-control - in this case, to prevent a “wrong move”. The task itself, the form of its presentation, as a rule, arouse interest in children. In order to attract and hold the attention of the child, you can do different variants labyrinths in terms of complexity and external design.
Younger children (3-4 years old) are allowed to trace the path with a pencil or finger, older children should try to follow only with their eyes:
find the differences
The child is offered a picture depicting the same object, which differs in individual details. Depending on the age of the child, the number of differences can increase from 2-3 to 5-6. In case of difficulties in examining the objects presented to the child, assistance can be provided: “Look what the bunny is holding in its paws?” etc.
Search for paired images
find similarities
The child is alternately presented with tables, on which a sample object is given on the left, on the right - several of the same objects, but each of them differs in details. One of them is exactly the same as the one offered on the sample, and you need to find it.
Determination of changes, rearrangements that have occurred in the picture or in the room (something was removed, added, replaced or swapped - you need to indicate what has changed):
Who is the most attentive?
This game is suitable for children of all ages. Any number of people can participate.
Lay out on the table from 5 or more (depending on the age of the children playing) various items. Invite children to examine lying objects for 1-2 minutes. After that, everyone should leave the room or turn away from the table. At this time, the leader changes the location of objects or removes one (several) of them. Returning to the table, the children should try to determine what has changed in the arrangement and number of objects. The one who marks the most changes first wins the game.
The older the children playing this game, the more items can be laid out and the more changes in their location and quantity to make. It is easier for small children to memorize large and very different objects. For older children, you can complicate the task by laying out more medium-sized and even similar objects.
What changed?(Lyutova E.K., Monina G.B.)
The child draws any simple picture (cat, house, etc.) and passes it to an adult, while he turns away. An adult draws a few details and returns the picture. The child should notice what has changed in the drawing. Then the adult and the child can switch roles. Note. The game can also be played with a group of children. In this case, the children take turns drawing a drawing on the board and turn away (while the possibility of movement is not limited). An adult draws. Children should say what changes have occurred.
Finding various geometric shapes "hidden" in the picture:
dot it
The child must name the numbers in sequence, which are presented separately in the table (for children who own an account up to 10).
Simultaneous naming and showing numbers (with a pointer, finger) is allowed. A more complicated option is to complete the task only on the basis of visually finding a sequence of numbers.
Finding absurdities, inconsistencies in the pictures.
draw
Offer the child pictures that lack some details (hands on a clock, wheels on a bicycle, a cat's tail, etc.), let him try to correct the artist's mistakes and finish drawing.
Circle the picture.
A picture consisting of dots must be drawn by connecting the dots with a line, each of which has a serial number. Those. you need to move from point number 1 to the next. The result should be an image, for example, of a steamer.
Find an item
The child is given drawings with disguised (incomplete, crossed out, superimposed on each other) images of objects. You need to name them.
Cross out
The child is offered a table with the image of objects familiar to him.
For preschool children, at the first stages of work, 2-3 lines are offered (no more than 24 characters). It is also proposed to cross out only one item in each line. As classes increase, the number of lines proposed for work and the number of items that the child must cross out increases.
And also it is necessary to fix the time of the task, for example, using a stopwatch.
These instructions apply to the next exercise.
Corrector
First, the child is offered tables with letters large and separated by large intervals.
Then the letters are written in a smaller font and the distance between them is reduced, then a standard text form can be offered.
Scouts
The child is invited to consider a fairly complex plot picture and remember all the details. Then the adult asks questions about this picture, the child answers them.
repeat the pattern
Take two sheets of paper and draw on cells (9, 12, 16) in several cells (for a start no more than 5) draw letters, dots or other identical signs. The child must remember the location of the signs within a minute and repeat it on the second sheet. Over time, you can increase the number of squares and signs.
Drawing by cells
The child is given a checkered sheet (large or small), a pattern for drawing (an ornament or a closed figure), a pencil. It is necessary to redraw the pattern by cells.
Color your other half.
You need to prepare several half-colored pictures. And the child should color the second half of the picture in the same way as the first half was colored. This task can be complicated by inviting the child to first draw the second half of the picture, and then color it. (It can be a butterfly, a dragonfly, a house, a Christmas tree, etc.).
You can take a coloring book, ask the child to turn away, and at this time color in part of the picture. The task is to determine what is shaded. The more details of the picture are painted over, the harder for a child identify these areas.
Color the flowers according to symbols
find a shadow
The toys ended up in the sun, and their shadows got mixed up. Decide where the shadow should be, and connect the shadows and toys with lines. Which animal's shadow is drawn incorrectly?
small beetle
"Now we will play such a game. You see, in front of you is a field drawn into cells. A beetle is crawling across this field. The beetle moves on command. It can move down, up, right, left. I will dictate moves to you, and you will move the beetle in the right direction across the field.Do it mentally.You cannot draw or move your finger across the field!
Attention? We started. One cell up, one cell to the left. One cell down. One cell to the left. One cell down. Show where the beetle stopped. "(If the child finds it difficult to complete the task mentally, then at first you can let him show with his finger each movement of the beetle, or make a beetle and move it around the field. It is important that as a result the child learns to mentally navigate in the cell field).
Tasks for the beetle can come up with a variety of. When the field of 16 cells is mastered, move on to moving along the field of 25, 36 cells, complicate the tasks with moves: 2 cells obliquely to the right and down, 3 cells to the left, etc.
Be careful
For each command of an adult, children perform a certain movement: “Bunnies - jump”, “Horses -gallop”, “Birds - wave their hands”, “Crayfish - back away”.
When an adult raises his hands up, the child claps, when spreads to the sides - claps, lowers down - bounces. Movements are performed slowly, gradually increasing the pace.
If an adult raises his hands up, the child clap; if hands are to the sides - stomps; hands down - freezes.
Ladder
I.P. - standing, arms along the body, legs together.
Our hands go up the stairs: to the belt, to the shoulders, above the head. Then they go down. Hands first move together, then one at a time (catching up with each other). The adult shows the pattern, the child repeats. Adult changes pace: fast-slow. The task of the child is to carefully follow the hands of an adult and reproduce the movements in the same order.
Listen to the pops
Children moving in a circle take poses depending on the command of an adult:
1 clap - walking in a circle;
2 claps - frog pose (sit down and squat)
3 claps - stork pose(stand on one leg)
4 claps - pose of a hare
Listen and do
Children perform various dance movements to the music. The first stop of the music is acted upon according to the first command, the second stop is acted upon by the second, and so on.
Command one: "Turn your head to the right, straight, lower your head down, raise it up."
Command two: "Raise your right hand up, left hand up, lower both hands."
Team three: “Raise your right leg, lower it; raise the left leg - lower; jump three times on both legs. Commands are executed when the music is off.
forbidden number
An adult agrees in advance with the children that some numbers will be pronounced while the music is playing. If the children hear the word "Eight", they should clap their hands. To the music, the children walk in a circle and listen to the score. On the count of eight, the children clap their hands. (Complication: 2-3 numbers and certain movements are performed on them).
Who is flying?
If an adult calls something or someone capable of flying, for example, a dragonfly, the children answer: “Flies” and show how she does it. If an adult asks: “Does the piglet fly?” The children are silent and do not raise their hands.
List of words: eagle, snake, sofa, butterfly, Maybug, ram, swallow, plane, tree, seagull, house, sparrow, ant, mosquito, boat, iron, dog, helicopter, etc.
who has a long tail
Children form a circle. An adult names different animals. If the animal has a long tail, the children should raise their right hand and wave it; if there is no tail or it is short, they do not need to raise their hand. The following animals can be named: horse (long), goat (short), cow (long), fox (long), hare (short), sheep (short), tiger (long), cat (long), bear (short) , pig (short), donkey (long), squirrel (long), etc. The adult raises his hand in all cases. Whoever makes a mistake gets a penalty point. The winner is the one who scored less penalty points during the game.
Fraudulent movements.
Children respond only to verbal commands, not paying attention to the distracting actions of an adult. For example, when pronouncing the command “Hands forward!”, an adult shows the “hands up” position. Everyone must complete the "hands forward" task, not the "hands up" task.
Tick-tock-tock.
Children walk in a column one after another. The adult gives the “Tick” signal, then everyone tilts left and right; at the signal "so" they stop, and at the signal "Knock" they bounce in place. All signals are repeated 5-8 times. The one who makes a mistake is out of the game. The sequence of signals must change. At the end of the game, the most attentive player should be noted.
Four forces
An adult gives commands - children must perform certain movements on them:
"Earth" - put your hands down;
"Water" - stretch your arms forward;
"Air" - raise your hands up;
"Fire" - rotate the hands in the wrist and elbow joints.
Whoever makes a mistake is considered a loser.
Onlookers
Holding hands and moving in a circle to the music, the children, at the signal of an adult (hitting a tambourine), make 4 claps and change direction. For incorrect execution of the signal, they are removed from the game.
Forbidden movement
The adult determines which movement will be prohibited. For example, the command "hands to the sides." On the given command children must stop. For other teams, the children perform the appropriate movements (hands up, hands forward, down, etc.) At the same time, they walk in a circle.
An adult agrees in advance with the children which movement should be prohibited from the following commands: “Bunnies - jump, horses - jump; crayfish - to back away; birds - waving their hands; stork - stand on one leg.
Nose-floor-ceiling
An adult calls: "nose" or "floor" or "ceiling". And he himself points his finger at the nose, the floor, the ceiling (sometimes not at what he says in order to confuse the children). Children show what the adult calls.
show and repeat
Children sit in a circle, each needs to come up with an action, for example, clap your hands, close your eyes, etc. The first player shows the movement that he came up with, the second - the movement of the first and his own, etc. clockwise.
Please
An adult makes any movements, turning to the children with a request to repeat after him. Children repeat if an adult adds the word "please."
5 crocodiles came out of the forest
Children sit in a circle. An adult, having distributed the numbers among the children, begins:
5 crocodiles came out of the forest.
Player #5 is indignant:
Why 5?
And how much? the host asks.
Fourteen! - answers player number 5.
Why 14? - player number 14 begins to resent, etc.
Children who do not enter the game on time are eliminated.
Neighbor Raise Your Hand (Latvian game)
The players, standing or sitting, form a circle and choose a leader who takes a position inside the circle. He walks in a circle, then stops in front of one of the players and says loudly: "Hands!" The player addressed by the presenter continues to stand (sit) without changing position. And both of his neighbors should raise one hand up: the neighbor on the right - the left, the neighbor on the left - the right, i.e. the hand that is closer to the player standing (sitting) between them. If one of the participants made a mistake, i.e. raised the wrong hand, just tried to raise his hand or forgot to raise it at all, then he changes with the leading roles. The game continues. The winner is the one who has never made a mistake.
Attention!The facilitator must stop exactly opposite the player he wishes to address.
Bob-Add.
The children are seated at a long table. On one side of the table is the driver. Someone is given a coin (or other small object). Keeping their hands under the table, they quietly pass the coin to each other. Suddenly the driver shouts: "Bobchinsky, Dobchinsky, hands on the table!" Everyone should immediately put their hands on the table, palms down. Including the one who has a coin in his hand at that moment. The driver tries to guess who has the coin (by sound, hand position, etc.). At his command, the hand must be raised. If the driver made a mistake, the game is repeated, and if he guessed right, the one who had the coin becomes the driver, and the driver sits down with everyone at the table.
My magic box
From two children can participate in the game, while the optimal number is 3-5 people. It does not require any special training, you can play it anywhere. Children over the age of 5 can participate.
The game begins with the phrase: "I take out a book from my magic chest." It can be any animal, object, food or clothing. The next player must say: “I take out a book from my magic chest and ...” - he adds his item. The next player will “get out of the chest” for three items, and so on. The list of items will grow as long as the players are able to remember it. Anyone who omits any item name or confuses their order is out of the game. The winner is the player last remaining in the game.
You can advise the players to better remember the order of the named words to try to present them in the form of pictures. At the same time, several objects should be involved in one picture, in the sequence in which they need to be named. For example, the player should say: "I'm getting a turtle, a book and a chocolate bar from my magic chest." In order to memorize the sequence of words, you can imagine a turtle reading a book and eating chocolate.
Names
This game is a simplified version of the My Magic Box game. One of the players says his name. The second must repeat his name and say his own. The third repeats the first two names, adding his own to them. Care must be taken to ensure that all names are repeated in the exact order in which they were pronounced. The more players, the more difficult it is for them to remember the correct order of names. Therefore, with small children it is necessary to play in a small company, all the time changing players in places so that a number of names also change.
Repeat!
Choose a leader. The rest of the players should line up opposite him. The facilitator will pronounce various words, when he says: “Repeat”, the children must repeat the word that follows “Repeat”. If this key word does not sound, the children should be silent. In this case, the game should be played in sufficient fast pace, and the leader should try to shoot down and confuse the players as much as possible.
The following words are an example of his speech:
– Repeat - home. (Children must repeat).
– Repeat - a toy. (Must repeat).
– Repeat after me - cinema. (Everyone must be silent).
The host should gradually increase the pace of the game.
– You say cat. Repeat - buffet. Repeat - the river. Say bear. Repeat after me - sausage, etc.
Players who make mistakes by repeating what they shouldn't are out of the game. The winner is the player who makes the fewest mistakes or makes no mistakes at all.
Gardener
It is desirable that the number of participants be at least 10. Choose a leader. All children take the names of colors. The host starts the game by saying the following text: “I was born a gardener, I was seriously angry, I was tired of all the flowers, except ...”, and calls one of the flowers from among the chosen children. For example, "... except for the rose." "Rose" should immediately respond: "Oh!". The host or one of the players asks: "What's wrong with you?" “Rose” answers: “In love.” The same player or host asks: “Whom?” "Rose" replies, for example, "Into the violet." "Violet" should immediately respond: "Oh!" etc. If the child did not respond when they called him a flower, or "fell in love" with someone who is not here, then he lost. The game starts over.
Detective
This game is similar to the previous one, but boys like to play it more. The optimal number of players should be at least 7-10.
Choose a leader - this will be the "detective". He must leave the room. At this time, the children distribute colors among themselves. The "detective" must enter the room and start the game with the words: "Attention! Robbery done! Lost silver watch. I think Blue has the watch. “Blue” should answer: “No, I don’t have a watch. Hours at "Red". “Red”, in turn, must name another color, and so on. The game continues until one of the players names a color that is not represented in the game, or responds. The loser himself must become a "detective".
Sunshine!”, “Pebbles!”, “Fence!
The leader must be an adult. Sit or arrange the children in a semicircle and stand facing them. Alternately loudly and clearly give the children commands: “Sun!”, “Fence!”, “Pebbles!”, Constantly changing the words in places. Children must respond to each word in an appropriate way. If you say "Sunshine!" they should raise their hands with open palms and spread fingers. At the word "Pebbles!" children should raise their hands with clenched fists. When you say: “Fence!”, the children raise their hands with open palms, but their fingers are tightly pressed to each other. The pace of the game you should gradually accelerate. Children who make a mistake are out of the game. The last player left is considered the winner.the same color (or the same size, or the same shape, or from the same material, etc.),beginning with the sound "K", "T" or "S".You can complicate the task by giving several signs at the same time.
Edible - inedible
Depending on the item named (whether it is edible or not), the child must catch or hit the ball thrown to him by an adult.
Catch - don't catch
The adult throws the ball, the child catches it. Agree that you can catch the ball if you say: "Catch!". If the ball is thrown without a word, it must be returned. Complicating the game, we add the word "Don't catch!"
Say the opposite
The child is offered separate phrases, to which he must answer “Yes” or “No” (instruction: “If I speak correctly, you answer:“ Yes ”, if incorrectly,“ No ”).
Sample phrases:
“The girl is wearing a dress” - “Yes.”
"The teeth are brushed" - "Yes."
“The wolf has three tails” - “No”, etc.
The child should say “No” to correct judgments, and “Yes” to incorrect ones.
Sample phrases:
"Apples grew on the tree" - "Yes."
“In autumn, the leaves fall from the trees” - “No”, etc.
We offer a selection of simple and interesting games with preschool childrenthat develop children's attention and memory. This material can be used by educators both in everyday activities and when conducting classes with children in kindergarten. Some exercises can be a great addition to physical education sessions. small selection similar games on the development of attention and memory of preschoolers was published in this article.
Typewriter game
Each player is assigned 1-2-3 letters of the alphabet (depending on the number of participants so that all letters are distributed). Then a word or phrase of 2-3 words is thought up. At the signal of the leader, the students begin to “type”. When the word is "printed", everyone clap in unison.
Game "Furniture"
The participants of the game are offered to imagine themselves as some kind of interior item and take the appropriate place in the room. One of the players - the "owner" of the room - gets acquainted with the interior. It can be represented with the help of expressive poses of the game participants. After that, the "owner" leaves the room. However, his "son" appears - a rascal and makes a rearrangement in the room. The "owner" must arrange everything as it was.
The game "What sounds are repeated?"
Option 1. The host reads out 4-5 words, each of which contains one sound. For example: bread - bathrobe - hamster - fur. Children identify the sound that is repeated in each word.
Option 2. A set of words is given in which 2 sounds are repeated.
Exercise "Listen to applause"
Children move freely in a circle, when the leader claps his hands a certain number of times, everyone takes the appropriate position (for 10-20 seconds).
Number of applause
1. Pose "stork" (the child stands on one leg)
2. Pose "frog" (the child crouches)
3. Children continue to move in a circle
Exercise "In the mirror store"
Presenter: “Imagine that a man with a monkey on his shoulder entered a store that sells mirrors. She saw herself in the mirror, and thought that these were other monkeys and began to make faces at them. The monkeys, in response, made the same grimaces at her.
A child is chosen to play the role of a monkey, and all the rest - its reflection in the mirrors.
Exercise "Word with one letter"
The facilitator invites everyone to come up with words with one letter. Children in a circle say each their own word, without repeating those already named. Whoever says the last word wins.
Exercise "Dragons flew"
Children stand in a circle with their palms out in front of them. The host walks, quietly beats his palms alternately, saying:
"The dragons flew
Ate donuts.
How many donuts
So many dragons"
On the last word, the one who was last touched says an arbitrary number, after that the leader counts the palms to the given number, the one who falls on the given number must hide the hands that the leader is trying to grab behind his back.
Exercise "Letters of the alphabet"
Each child is assigned a letter of the alphabet. The host calls the letter, and the child who is assigned this letter claps his hands.
Exercise "Forbidden Movement"
Children stand facing the leader and repeat the movements that he shows. Then a move is chosen that cannot be performed, the one who repeats the forbidden move is out of the game.
Exercise "Forbidden figure"
A certain number is selected (for example, 4), which is forbidden to be called. Children stand in a circle and count clockwise in turn "1, 2, 3 ...". When the turn comes to the fourth child, he does not say the number, but claps his hands.
Exercise "Shadow"
Two children are chosen from the group, one is a “traveler”, the second is a “shadow”, the rest are spectators.
The “wanderer” walks across the field, and behind him 2-3 steps behind him is his “shadow”, which tries to copy the movements. It is advisable to stimulate the "traveler" to perform various movements: pick a flower, look into the distance, sit down, jump on one leg, etc.
Exercise "Top Clap"
The leader says phrases-concepts - correct and incorrect. If the expression is correct, the children clap, and if it is incorrect, they stomp. For example: "It always snows in summer." "Potatoes grow in the ground." "Crow is a migratory bird."
Exercise "Magic word"
Children and the leader become in a circle. The host explains to the children that he will show different movements, and they must repeat them only when he says the word “please”. If the host does not say this word, the children do not repeat the movement.
Exercise "Dwarfs and Giants"
Children stand in a circle, and the leader gives commands: “Dwarfs” or “Giants”. Children should squat or stand up when they hear the appropriate command.
Exercise "What has changed?"
One child is chosen appearance which the children must memorize. Then he leaves the room and changes something in his appearance (the facilitator can help the child). The child returns and the children must find what has changed.
Exercise "Cross out the letter A"
For a certain time, cross out without missing a single letter "A" from the text.
Exercise "Yeralash"
What is eralash? It's a mess. For example:
An angry boar sat on a branch.
The ship was in a cage.
The nightingale gave a beep ...
Put things in order in the poem and then the jumble will disappear.
Exercise "Letter from Dunno"
The host says that he received such a letter from Dunno:
“The summer is over and the golden autumn has come. The birds returned from the south, the animals woke up from their winter hibernation. Already in some places young grass is turning green and the days are not as cold as in summer.
Question:
Did you like this letter?
How should you write?
What is wrong in the letter?
Exercise "Who is attentive in the group"
The host reads an excerpt from a fairy tale, but with errors, naming the wrong words. Children hear the wrong word - raise red flags. The host stops reading, the children correct the mistake, the host continues to read the text.
