Soviet chervonets. Golden chervonets sower. The appearance of the coin
Despite the end of the civil war and the gradual stabilization of the situation within the RSFSR, the situation in the country remained deplorable. The production facilities were destroyed. To boost the economy, it was necessary to urgently restore them, which was impossible without external purchases. But then politics intervened. "We will fan the world fire on the mountain to all bourgeois" - this is one of the most popular slogans of that time. Bourgeois foreign powers paid us the same coin, considering the Soviet government illegitimate and refusing to cooperate. There remained a tricky move: to offer such a good deal that the possible profit would exceed the political benefits of the moment. For this purpose, it was decided to issue gold coins.
10 rubles (chervonets) 1923
Like the fifty kopeck, which is destined to appear a year later, this coin is devoid of a digital denomination. But for those years, the word "chervonets" is inextricably linked with the concept of "ten rubles". The minting was carried out in 900 gold. The parameters of the coin correspond to the royal gold tens. The weight of the coin is 8.6 grams (deviations are possible, calculated in hundredths of a gram). Of them pure metal 7.742 grams. The coin has a diameter of 22.6 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.7 mm (both diameter and thickness may vary slightly). On the edge there is an indented inscription "1 GOLDEN 78.24 SHARE OF PURE GOLD".
Like the rest of the coin series of those times, the chervonets was intended to act not only as a coin, but also to be a poster promoting a new way of life. On the obverse is the coat of arms of the RSFSR. Framing inscription "PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" made in Slavic script (which distinguishes the chervonets from other coins of that era). The reverse is almost entirely devoted to the image of a sower.
The development of the stamp of the coin was carried out by Anton Fedorovich Vasyutinsky, already known to us. The peasant-sower, whom we see on the reverse, is made according to the sculpture of Ivan Dmitrievich Shadr (those who made the USSR will probably remember his other, more famous sculpture "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat", and copies of "Girl with an oar" stood in almost every park of a huge country). Note that the sower on the 1923 coin is not a copy of the sculpture, because the sculpture is a half-length portrait. But her real image appeared on paper banknotes.
To make the sower into full height, Anton Fedorovich had to reconsider the concept of the image. On the coin field, besides the peasant himself, the attributes of a new life appear: the rising sun and a working factory. We can see them on the ruble coin of 1924. Chervonets was minted at the Petrograd Mint in an impressive circulation of 2,751,000 copies. The question arises, where are all these coins? It turns out that the "poster" reverse, coupled with the coat of arms of the RSFSR, played a negative role in international trade. Foreign sellers refused to consider this coin as legal tender, regardless of the gold content. Nevertheless, it became clear that the "world bourgeois" is not averse to trading for gold. Most of the circulation was melted down into gold bars. Many coins were minted with preserved royal stamps. The chervonets with a portrait of the emperor was recognized by foreign suppliers as a means of payment, and the purchases necessary for the state were made.
10 rubles (chervonets) 1925
In connection with the formation of the Soviet Union, the obverses and reverses of coins have undergone significant changes. So the Soviet chervonets was planned to appear with the coat of arms of the USSR and the date "1925". To the greatest regret for numismatists, things did not progress further than trial coins. To date, five such copies of the new sample are known. The Museum of the Pushkin Museum has two copies. Three coins are kept in the Goznak Museum. The journey through the collections is continued only by a trial chervonchik of 1925, minted not in gold, but in copper. The unique coin is constantly updating price records. So in 2008, at an auction, this copy changed its owner with a final price of five million rubles. One-sided imprints made on brass are on display at the Museum of the St. Petersburg Mint and the Hermitage. Now the business of selling "copies of rare coins" is widely developed. This sad fate did not bypass the gold coins. Below is one such instance. You don’t even need to check it with a jeweler, “unreal” is immediately given out by crooked date numbers.
In internal circulation, chervonets of 1923 were extremely rare (as long-term savings, the people continued to use gold fives and tens, preserved from tsarist times). Therefore, the government decided not to speed up the previously announced "gold standard", but to quietly withdraw the coins from circulation. The official version is considered to be a sufficient strengthening of the country's financial system and the return of confidence in paper money, undermined by the numerous and motley issues of the civil war.
However, the history of the legendary coin turned out to be unfinished. In the period from 1975 to 1982, the State Bank of the USSR carried out a new issue of chervonets from gold. The reasons why the coat of arms of the RSFSR, and not the Soviet Union (from the sample of 1925), was taken for minting are unclear, although many hypotheses are put forward. The total circulation of the issue of "remakes" is 6,565,000 copies.
This is the only investment coin of the Soviet Union that has kept circulation even after its collapse. By decision of the Bank of Russia, from January 1, 1999, these coins lose the status of the currency of the Russian Federation. But chervonets are not destined to become exclusively collectible coin. Already in 2001, the circulation of gold chervonets resumed (the coin is a mandatory banknote at face value). Chervonets of the USSR are bought and sold in bank branches Russian Federation at a daily changing rate along with other investment coins of the Bank of Russia. The 1923 coin has the same rights and could theoretically be among the other copies offered for purchase. In practice, collectors eager to get a coin with the date "1923" are not market, but investment price, repeatedly checked the vaults of the regional branches of Sberbank, but no positive results of the search have yet been recorded.
Latest auction prices for coins in Russian rubles
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For a long time in Russia, the gold chervonets had nothing to do with the face value of 10 rubles. In the 18th century, a coin weighing 3.47 grams was called a chervonets, on which, in general, there was no denomination designation. Chervonets got their name because they had a shade of red (red) color. Until the reign of Nicholas, the gold piece had an almost unchanged weight - 3.47 grams.
Chervonets in Russia were called ducats, thalers and sequins - outwardly attractive gold coins. The first chervonets of Russian origin appeared under Peter I. They looked like Dutch money, since the first Russian emperor borrowed a lot from the Dutch. They were engraved with a bust portrait of the king and a double-headed eagle.
Chervonets 1712
All chervonets, the face value of which was equal to two rubles 30 kopecks, were intended for foreign trade operations. These Peter's coins did not have circulation in Russia. A total of 36,000 copies were produced. Of these, less than five percent have survived to this day.
How much does the gold chervonets of Peter the Great cost? In 2013, a well-preserved coin from 1701 was auctioned for 95,000 euros. In February 2017, the Petrovsky chervonets of the same year of issue left the auction for 70 thousand euros.
Peter II in 1729 again began to mint coins in high-grade gold. The value of the coins of this emperor, who died at the age of fifteen and reigned for only two and a half years, is also quite high. Chervonets, where Peter is depicted with a bow at a laurel wreath, were sold at auction for 120 thousand dollars. The highest price - 170 thousand dollars - was offered for a gold piece of 1729 in excellent condition.
Little chervontsev of the next empress, Anna Ioannovna, have survived to this day. Therefore, they rarely appear at auctions and are valued quite expensively. The cost of the gold chervonets, which was sold at auction in 2017, amounted to 200 thousand dollars.
Chervonets of emperors of the 18th century
The royal chervonets of the Empress can be divided into two types. The first includes coins with the image of St. Andrew the First-Called, the second - with the image of a double-headed eagle, the coat of arms of the Russian Empire. Starting from 1762, the minting of gold coins was completely concentrated in St. Petersburg. Sometimes gold coins of double value were issued.
Elizabeth began to indicate the month of issue and the place of minting. During her reign, many gold coins of various denominations were issued. During the reign of the Empress, chervonets were minted in decent numbers. For example, the largest in 1757 amounted to 120,680 pieces. In other years of the reign, chervonets were minted less, from four to 20 thousand.
Chervonets during the reign of Elizabeth, despite the large circulation, have a high cost. For example, a chervonets of 1751 was bought for 85 thousand dollars.
Ekaterininsky chervonets were minted from 1762 to 1796 in small editions in St. Petersburg:
1763 - 50 thousand copies;
1766 - 28,344 copies;
1796 - 39,981 copies.
The stamp has been changed several times. From the coins of different years, one can trace how the empress changed. On the coins of 1796, she appears with a double chin and signs of age. Most likely, such portraits did not bother the empress.
Pavel became the penultimate Russian emperor, under whom chervonets were issued. This coin had a significant difference from others. Paul extremely disliked his own appearance (this opinion was shared by all those close to the emperor), so he, by the greatest command, forbade the minting of his image on money.
On one side of the Pavlovsk chervonets there was an inscription: "Not to us, not to us, but to your name." On the opposite - a cross or a double-headed eagle was depicted. Little chervonets were minted, soon they were replaced by coins with an indication of the denomination. The cost of Pavlovsk chervonets at auctions starts from ten thousand dollars.
After Paul I, none of the autocrats, except for Nicholas II, minted chervonets. In numismatic catalogs, it is not customary to call ten-rouble coins of Alexander I or Alexander II chervonets. True, under Alexander II, gold coins of a three-ruble denomination of 917 samples and a weight of 3.93 g were called chervonets.
Chervonets of Nicholas II
Under Nicholas II, the name chervonets was finally established behind ten-ruble coins and banknotes.
Under Nicholas, chervonets were minted in millions of copies. In 1914, the Russian Empire ranked first in the world in terms of gold reserves, and part of the gold was kept in coins. It is known, for example, that the circulation of the chervonets issued in 1899 was intended for the country's gold reserves. Although some of the money was in circulation. They were acquired at that time mainly for the future and kept in hiding places.
Golden chervonets of Nicholas II
The gold reserve disappeared without a trace during the revolution. And the people who carefully saved the Nikolaev gold piece for a rainy day did not fail: during the revolution and two world wars, many families were saved from hunger and death by selling royal dozens.
The last Russian autocrat resumed the tradition of minting images of emperors on money. Prior to this, the image of Emperor Alexander III was minted only on ten rubles. Nicholas II decided to place his image on all denominations.
The denomination of ten rubles was indicated on the chervonets. And the weight was 8.6 grams.
Circulation in different years was:
1898 - 200 thousand copies.
1899 - 27.6 million.
1900 - six million.
1901 - 2.4 million.
1902 - two million.
1903 - 2.8 million.
1904 - one million.
1906 - 10 pieces.
1909 - no information.
1910 - 100 thousand.
1911 - 50 thousand.
How much is the Nikolaev chervonets of 1899 worth? Since the circulation was 27 million copies, it is not difficult to assume that these coins are not worth that much. Their average price at auctions is $400. Although there are cases when a gold piece was sold for one and a half thousand.
How much is the royal gold chervonets of 1906 worth? Chervonets this year are very expensive, as only 10 of them were minted. Of the coins of this issue, three copies recently appeared at auctions. The most expensive was sold for two hundred thousand dollars.
One of the most inexpensive are the chervonets of 1911 release. Judging by the circulation, there should be very few of them, but in fact, numismatists have accumulated a huge amount. Apparently, chervonets continued to be minted even after the 1917 revolution. And this was done not only by the Soviet government, but also by someone abroad. Who kept and used the original stamps remains one of the most interesting mysteries of numismatics of the 20th century.
Chervonets "Sower" in the USSR
In the country of the Soviets, gold chervonets were also issued. In terms of mass, sample and size, they were in no way inferior to the royal ones. The author of the image was the medalist A.F. Vasyutinsky, the author of Nikolai's gold chervonets.
The reverse depicted a copy of Shardra's sculpture the peasant-sower as a symbol of the young Soviet state of workers and peasants.
Gold coin "Sower" 1923
Gold coins were mainly used by the Soviet government for foreign trade transactions. Chervonets were minted in Moscow.
With the start of the release of the Sower for settlements abroad, such an incident is connected: the countries of Europe completely refused to accept these coins, since Soviet symbols were depicted on them.
A way out was found: the Soviet Mint began issuing gold Nikolaev chervonets. Other countries were quite satisfied with the settlement with royal money. And the "Sower" went into circulation within the country. In 1925, the release of Soviet chervonets was discontinued.
In 1975, the minting of gold coins was resumed in the USSR. However, they were not a means of payment for use within the country. "Sowers", according to the official version, were supposed to become souvenirs for foreign tourists during the Olympics-80, and also serve as a means of payment when buying grain abroad.
Since 1975, a total of 7,350,000 chervonets with the image of a sower have been minted. In addition, one hundred thousand coins of improved quality were minted. The last circulation of chervonets was issued in 1982.
One of the main problems facing the young Soviet state after the 1917 Revolution was the lack of a hard currency. The financial situation of the country was difficult. Already by 1921, a cash account in private households was kept for millions, while almost everyone was a "millionaire", and paper money was printed in denominations of 25, 50 and 100 thousand rubles.
Prices for groceries and essential commodities were in the thousands. For example, a pood of potatoes cost an average of 20,000 rubles, and a pood of rye flour was sold for 140,000 rubles.
The pood was approximately 16 kg, this unit of the tsarist system of measures was canceled only in 1924.
The country tried to develop free trade and restore monetary relations, which was impossible in the conditions of an unsecured ruble. The first steps to improve the situation were taken in the autumn of 1921, when the decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) “On the Establishment of the State Bank” was issued. The State Bank was supposed to promote the development of trade and money circulation between the RSFSR, Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian republics. Then the first denomination was held. For 10,000 old rubles they gave 1 new ruble.
The government faced the issue of introducing a new national currency, which would be backed by gold. Its possible names were vigorously discussed. Among the proposed options were: "federal", "hryvnia", "rule" and "chervonets".
It was customary to call the ruble (that is, the whole) ruble in Russia silver coin in 1 ruble. The “hryvnia” was also abandoned, since in the years civil war money with this name was issued by counter-revolutionary governments.
As a result, they settled on “chervonets”, because this word was traditionally used for coins made of pure gold (usually foreign ones). Among the people, "chervonets" were associated with the reliability of gold and inspire confidence.
The word "chervonets" has long been used for coins made of high-grade pure gold, where the minimum proportion of the precious metal was 90%.
In November 1922, the State Bank put into circulation banknotes with a nominal value of 5 and 10 chervonets, later three more denominations were added: 1, 3 and 25 chervonets. All of them were backed by platinum, gold and silver.
A banknote in denomination of 1 chervonets was exchanged for 8.6 grams of pure gold. It is noteworthy that the royal gold coin of 10 rubles weighed the same amount. The royal money made of silver and gold was still kept by the population, so the government allowed them to pay. 10 tsarist rubles (a coin) cost about 12,500 paper rubles of the 1922 model on the market, and the government valued 1 Soviet chervonets (banknote) at 11,400 rubles. old bills.
In the fall of 1922, the government decided to issue gold chervonets in the form of coins. The development of design and minting of new coins was entrusted to the Petrograd Mint. In the requirements for appearance, it was said that the chervonets should have the inscriptions "RSFSR", "One chervonets" and the slogan "Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
The medalist Anton Fedorovich Vasyutinsky (1858-1935) became the author of the gold chervonets design. He decorated the front side of the coin with the image of the Peasant Sower, which he created according to the famous sculpture by I.D. Shadra (Ivanova):
Later, the Sower appeared on only coins, but also on banknotes of 1924-1927.
On the reverse side of the chervonets, Vasyutinsky placed the coat of arms of the RSFSR, the name of the issuing country "RSFSR" and its slogan, written in the style of Old Slavonic script. The minting of the gold chervonets of the RSFSR began on November 27, 1922.
AT major cities paper and gold chervonets appeared quickly, and the peasant villages were still in poverty with Soviet banknotes of old denominations. To correct the situation, another denomination was carried out, after which, by October 1, 1923, the share of chervonets in the total money supply rose to 74%. The use of tsarist coins was banned, workers began to receive salaries in chervonets.
The minting of gold coins is carried out by almost all states, and here Russia is no exception. Coin Golden chervonets - one of these coins, its name comes from pure gold, which used to be called high-grade gold, which has a red, red tint.
History of the coin
The Golden Chervonets coin has a rather long and interesting fate. The first chervonets from gold began to be minted back in Tsarist Russia. In the period from Paul III to Peter I, the main image on them was either a double-headed eagle or a bust portrait. But these coins were used not for settlements, but as breastplates.
After the monetary reform carried out by Peter the Great, gold chervonets began to be issued, close in fineness and weight to the Hungarian ducat. This coin had a fineness of 986 and weighed 3.47 grams. It has already begun to be used in trade with foreigners.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, all gold coins could be divided into two groups: with the image of a double-headed eagle and St. Andrew.
But the golden chervonets received the greatest distribution in Soviet Russia. The beginning of the Soviet rule was marked not only by monetary reforms, but also by high inflation. In this regard, in October 1922, the government decided to create a hard currency in the form of Golden Chervonets coins. Design new coin was entrusted to the chief artist of the Mint Vasyutinskiy Anton Fedorovich. This person deserves special attention, since he is also the author of the Order of Lenin, as well as the first TRP badge.
For the golden gold piece Vasyutinsky decided to choose the image of a peasant-sower, which was made according to the sculpture of Ivan Shadr, the Sower. Currently, this work is in the Tretyakov Gallery. The result was a coin, on one side of which a peasant-sower was depicted, and on the other - the coat of arms of the RSFSR. The Soviet chervonets had a weight of 8.6 grams, was made of 900 gold, which was contained in a coin of 7.74 grams.
The golden gold piece was used mainly for trade with other states, but still, part of it was also in circulation within the country. Gradually, this coin was quite widely introduced into the country's monetary system and became a means of measuring the value of goods and other currencies. But this situation did not last long. After 1925, the gold chervonets began to slowly go out of circulation due to the fact that many countries gradually abandoned the gold standard.
My new life gold chervonets received only in the late 70s of the XX century. At that time, the resumption of its minting was considered by the Soviet Union as an option to generate income from the Olympics-80. As a result, more than 6 million copies of coins were minted according to the 1923 model. The weight of these gold chervonets was also equal to 8.6 grams, and they contained 7.74 grams. pure gold.
Gold chervonets 900 can still be found in circulation today. They are widely used as investment coins and the price of them from year to year only gradually increases.
In October 1922, a decision was made to start issuing Soviet gold coins in the form of coins. The Soviet chervonets had such characteristics as size, weight equal to 8.6 g and an alloy - gold of the 900th test, which fully corresponded to the pre-revolutionary ten-ruble coin. A.F. Vasyutinsky, who was the Chief Medalist of the Mint, developed a design for the Soviet gold chervonets. The coat of arms of the RSFSR is minted on the front side, called the obverse, of this coin. On the reverse side of the gold coin, called the reverse, a peasant-sower is depicted. The image of this peasant was made according to the sculpture of Shadr. All chervonets of this period bear the date 1923.
Soviet gold chervonets, which depicted a sower, were used mainly for foreign trade. But inside Russia, a small part of them were in circulation. These coins Western countries at first they were not accepted due to the fact that Soviet symbols were imprinted on them. The exit was found quickly. They immediately began to mint gold chervonets, on which the deposed Tsar Nicholas II was depicted. Such coins abroad were accepted unconditionally.
In 1924, after the formation of the USSR, the government decided to issue a new type of gold coins. The coat of arms of the RSFSR was replaced by the coat of arms of the USSR. They released trial specimens of copper, on this issue of new coins was discontinued. At present, copper chervonets of 1925 are unique, six copies are known today. These coins are very expensive - 8 million rubles can reach the price of one coin. Three copies of Soviet chervonets are kept in the museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The remaining three coins are kept in private collections.
In 1925, the Soviet gold chervonets was equated to ten rubles, gradually went out of circulation and was forgotten.
Before the Moscow Summer Olympiad, 80 people remembered gold coins with the image of a sower. At that time, the minting of these coins was considered as one of the sources of income. For six years from 1975 to 1981, 6 million 600 thousand gold chervonets were minted. The sample of 1923 was taken as the basis of the Soviet gold chervonets, on which the coat of arms of the RSFSR was minted and new dates were affixed.
New Soviet gold coins. with the sower depicted on them, were not legal for their circulation on the territory of the USSR. These coins could be used for sale to foreign tourists or for foreign trade.
Since the mid-1990s, Soviet gold coins have been used as investment coins and have been successfully sold by both Russian and foreign banks. Golden chervonets have become legal tender throughout the country since 2001 by a decision that was adopted by the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia.
Gold Coin Chervonets "Sower"
The Golden Chervonets coin has a rich history dating back to the Soviet era in 1923. In the post-revolutionary period, the economy of the Soviet state collapsed against the backdrop of hyperinflation. The monetary system needed to be reformed and the position of the ruble strengthened. The lifeline turned out to be for the country holding monetary reform in 1922-1924. However, this was not enough for the final victory over inflation, and the government decided to introduce a new stable currency. In this vein, the Soviet gold chervonets Sower of 1923 appeared.
In terms of physical characteristics, gold chervonets were identical to the pre-revolutionary chervonets of Nicholas II. The content of pure gold in the coin is 7.74235 grams with a total weight of 8.6 g with a circulation of 2,751,000 pieces. The newly minted coins in their design were supposed to reflect the people who had won the revolution, which led to the appearance of a simple peasant-sower on the gold coin, and on the obverse of the coin the well-known call of the proletarians for reunification.
The appearance of the coin
On the obverse: in the center of the coin is the coat of arms of the RSFSR in the form of a shield surrounded by a wreath of ears of corn. On the shield is an image of a sickle and a hammer against the background of the sun's rays. At the top around the circumference of the coin is the famous slogan - PROLETARIANS OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!, below - R.S.F.S.R. Along the edge of the coin there is a rim of three-dimensional dots.
Nominal value: chervonets;
Metal: 900 gold;
Total weight: 8.603 g;
Diameter: 22.60mm;
Thickness: 1.70mm;
Circulation: 6 565 000 pieces.
At the end of 1922, a denomination was carried out, the old money of 1922 was exchanged for banknotes of the 1923 model. Gold chervonets Sowers, together with the royal gold chervonets and five-ruble coins, which again began to be minted with old stamps from 1924, were used preferably for foreign payments. The new chervonets did not enter into wide circulation, the exchange of paper notes for gold coins was also very limited.
The Golden Sower pretty soon became the benchmark for all currencies and commodities, having a very high purchasing power and being the solid core of the monetary system. But in 1925, the West staged a kind of “golden blockade” for the USSR, under which the gold chervonets of 1923 were not accepted in foreign trade payments. As a result, the gold intended for the minting of chervonets went to the royal coins, which did not fall under Western gold pressure.
The resumption of minting the Sower took place only in 1975 against the backdrop of a general boom in the issuance of bullion coins. The first circulation after a 50-year break amounted to 250 thousand coins, and in subsequent years, 1 million pieces were minted annually. According to the characteristics of the gold coins of 1923 and subsequent issues, they are completely identical. But the first Sower coins, minted at the Petrograd Mint in 1923, are now rare valuable coins.
Sources: crediteuropages.ru, www.mosdragmet.ru, www.ote4estvo.ru, inzoloto.ru, coins.lave.ru
CHERVONETS, ntsa, m. 1. A set of any ten items. In the mornings he makes a chervonets (runs 10 km). For such a tower you need, and not a gold piece (the term of imprisonment is 10 years). 2. Policeman (more often about a traffic police officer). The gold coin is standing, slow down. General use… … Dictionary of Russian Argo
Modern Encyclopedia
See desyatrublevka Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011. chervonets n. ten-rouble ... Synonym dictionary
Chervonets- (from the Polish czerwony zloty, literally red gold, i.e. a coin made of the finest gold), 1) the general name of foreign gold coins (ducats, sequins) circulating in pre-Petrine Russia. 2) Russian gold coin 3 ruble ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (from Polish czerwony zloty lit. red, gold, i.e. a coin of the finest gold) ... 1) the common name of foreign gold coins (ducats, sequins) in pre-Petrine Russia 2)] Russian gold coin of 3 ruble denominations in 18 19 centuries ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
CHERVONETS, chervonets, husband. 1. Gold coin (5 or 10 rubles; obsolete). “Pyatakov give a handful of three chervonets in exchange to the peasant.” Krylov. || only many. In general, coins, gold, money (obsolete). “And your gold coins were not stolen from defenseless orphans and ... ... Dictionary Ushakov
CHERVONETS, ntsa, husband. 1. Gold coin (worth of different time in 3, 5 or 10 rubles) (obsolete). 2. From 1922 to 1947: 10 ruble bank note (now colloquial). 3. The amount of ten rubles (colloquial). Red price h | adj. red, ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Russian gold coin, 3 x rub. denominations, the same as the Italian ducat or sequin, were minted for the first time under PetreVel. in 1701 Ch. minted 93 samples, later 941/10 and 942/3 samples. 19th century until 1841 Ch. were minted in St. Petersburg. and Warsaw from ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
With five. Jarg. corner. Fifteen years in prison. BBI, 278; Baldaev 2, 141. Small gold pieces. Jarg. corner. Shuttle. Lice. BBI, 278; Baldaev 2, 141 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings
Ntsa; m. 1. Razg. In Russia before 1917: a gold coin in denominations of five and ten rubles. 2. In the USSR from 1922 to 1947: a cash credit note with a face value of ten rubles, which was in circulation. // Expand. About a ten-dollar credit note... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Golden chervonets №4 (25) 2013 electronic book
- Golden chervonets №2 (23) 2013 , Absent. "Zolotoy Chervonets" is a magazine about coins for collections, investments and gifts. In each issue: an overview of the markets commemorative coins, section on old coins and medals, reports from international…
