How to solve a rubik's cube 3x3 step by step instructions. Simple rules for solving a rubik's cube. The fastest way. The Jessica Friedrich Method
How to solve the Rubik's Cube
In a nutshell: if you remember 7 simple formulas with a length of no more than 8 rotations each, then you can safely learn how to solve a regular 3x3x3 cube in a couple of minutes. Faster than a minute and a half, this algorithm will not be able to solve the cube, but two or three minutes is easy!
Introduction
Like any cube, the puzzle has 8 corners, 12 edges and 6 faces: top, bottom, right, left, front and back. Usually, each of the nine squares on each face of the Cube is colored in one of six colors, usually arranged in pairs opposite each other: white-yellow, blue-green, red-orange, forming 54 colored squares. Sometimes, instead of solid colors, they put on the faces of the Cube, then it becomes even more difficult to collect it.
In the assembled ("initial") state, each face consists of squares of the same color, or all the pictures on the faces are correctly folded. After several turns, the Cube "stirs".
To collect the Cube is to return it from being stirred to its original state. This, in fact, is the main meaning of the puzzle. Many enthusiasts find pleasure in building "solitaire" - patterns .
ABC Cube
The classic Cube consists of 27 parts (3x3x3=27):
6 single-color central elements (6 "centers")
12 two-color side or edge elements (12 "ribs")
8 tricolor corner pieces (8 "corners")
1 internal element - cross
The cross (or ball, depending on the design) is in the center of the Cube. The centers are attached to it and thereby fasten the remaining 20 elements, preventing the puzzle from falling apart.
Elements can be rotated in "layers" - groups of 9 pieces. Clockwise rotation of the outer layer by 90° (when looking at this layer) is considered “direct” and will be denoted by a capital letter, and counterclockwise rotation is “reverse” to the direct one and will be denoted by a capital letter with an apostrophe """.
6 outer layers: Top, Bottom, Right, Left, Front (front layer), Rear (back layer). There are three more inner layers. In this assembly algorithm, we will not rotate them separately, we will use only the rotations of the outer layers. In the world of speedcubers, it is customary to make designations in Latin letters from the words Up, Down, Right, Left, Front, Back. 
Turn designations:
clockwise (↷ )- V N P L F T ⇔U D R L F B
counterclockwise (↶ ) - V"N"P"L"F"T" ⇔U"D"R"L"F"B"
When assembling the Cube, we will sequentially rotate the layers. The sequence of turns is recorded from left to right one after the other. If some rotation of the layer needs to be repeated twice, then the degree icon “2” is placed after it. For example, Ф 2 means that you need to turn the front twice, i.e. F 2 \u003d FF or F "F" (as convenient). In Latin notation, instead of Ф 2, F2 is written. I will write formulas in two notations - Cyrillic and latin, separating them like this sign ⇔.
For the convenience of reading long sequences, they are divided into groups, which are separated from neighboring groups by dots. If you want to repeat some sequence of turns, then it is enclosed in parentheses and the number of repetitions is written at the top right of the closing bracket. In Latin notation, a multiplier is used instead of an exponent. In square brackets, I will indicate the number of such a sequence or, as they are usually called, “formulas”.
Now, knowing the conventional language for notation of rotations of the layers of the Cube, you can proceed directly to the assembly process.
Assembly
There are many ways to build a Cube. There are those that allow you to assemble a cube with a couple of formulas, but in a few hours. Others - on the contrary, by memorizing a couple of hundred formulas, they allow you to collect a cube in ten seconds.
Below I will describe the simplest (from my point of view) method that is visual, easy to understand, requires memorizing only seven simple “formulas” and at the same time allows you to solve the Cube in a couple of minutes. When I was 7 years old, I mastered such an algorithm in a week and solved the cube in an average of 1.5-2 minutes, which amazed my friends and classmates. That's why I call this assembly method "the simplest". I will try to explain everything "on the fingers", almost without pictures.
We will collect the Cube in horizontal layers, first the first layer, then the second, then the third. The assembly process will be divided into several stages. There will be five of them in total and one additional one.
6/26 At the very beginning, the cube is sorted (but the centers are always in place).
Assembly steps:
10/26 - cross of the first layer ("upper cross")
14/26 - corners of the first layer
16/26 - second layer
22/26 - cross of the third layer ("lower cross")
26/26 - corners of the third layer
26/26 - (additional stage) rotation of centers
To assemble the classic Cube, you will need the following: "formulas":
FV "PV ⇔FU"RU- rotation of the edge of the upper cross
(P"N" PN) 1-5 ⇔(R "D RD) 1-5- "Z-switch"
VP V"P" V"F" VF ⇔UR U"R" U"F" UF- rib 2 layers down and to the right
V"L" VL VF V"F" ⇔U"L" UL UF U"F"- edge 2 layers down and left
FPV P"V"F" ⇔FRU R"U"F"- rotation of the edges of the lower cross
PV P "V PV" 2 P "V ⇔RU R"U RU"2 R"U- permutation of the edges of the lower cross ("fish")
V"P" VL V"P VL" ⇔U"R" UL U"R UL"- permutation of corners 3 layers
The first two stages could not be described, because. assembling the first layer is quite easy "intuitively". But, nevertheless, I will try to describe everything thoroughly and on the fingers.
Stage 1 - the cross of the first layer ("upper cross")
The purpose of this stage: the correct location of the 4 upper edges, which, together with the upper center, make up the “cross”.
So, the Cube is completely disassembled. Actually not completely. Distinctive feature The classic Cube is its design. Inside there is a cross (or ball), which rigidly connects the centers. The center determines the color of the entire face of the Cube. Therefore, 6 centers are always already in their places! Let's start with the top. Usually the assembly starts with a white top and a green front. With non-standard coloring, choose whichever is more convenient. Hold the Cube so that the top center (“top”) is white and the front center (“front”) is green. The main thing when assembling is to remember what color we have top and what is the front, and when rotating the layers, do not accidentally turn the whole Cube and not go astray.
Our goal is to find an edge with top and front colors and place it between them. At the very beginning, we are looking for a white-green edge and put it between the white top and the green front. Let's call the desired element "working cube" or RC.
So, let's start assembling. White top, green front. We look at the Cube from all sides, without releasing it, without turning it over in our hands and without rotating the layers. Looking for RK. It can be located anywhere. Found. After that, in fact, the assembly process itself begins.
If the RC is in the first (upper) layer, then by double-turning the outer vertical layer on which it is located, we "drive" it down to the third layer. We act similarly if the RK is in the second layer, only in this case we drive it down not with a double, but with a single rotation.
It is desirable to drive out so that the RK turns out to be the color of the top down, then it will be easier to install it in place. When driving the RC down, you need to remember about the edges that are already in place, and if some edge was touched, then you must not forget to return it to its place later by reverse rotation.
After the RC is on the third layer, rotate the bottom and "adjust" the RC to the center of the front. If the RK is already on the third layer, then simply put it in front of you from below, rotating the bottom layer. After that, turning F 2 ⇔F2 put RK in place.
After the RC is in place, there can be two options: either it is correctly rotated, or it is not. If it is turned correctly, then everything is OK. If it is rotated incorrectly, then turn it over with the formula FV "PV
⇔FU"RU. If the RK is "kicked out" correctly, i.e. top color down, then this formula practically does not have to be applied.
Let's move on to installing the next edge. Without changing the top, we change the front, i.e. turn the Cube to itself with a new side. And again we repeat our algorithm until all the remaining edges of the first layer are in place, forming a white cross on the upper face.
During the assembly process, it may turn out that the RC is already in place or it can be put in place (without destroying the already assembled one) without first driving it down, but “immediately”. Well, good! In this case, the cross will gather faster!
So, already 10 elements out of 26 are in place: 6 centers are always in place and 4 edges we have just placed.
Stage 2 - corners of the first layer
The goal of the second stage is to collect the entire top layer by installing in addition to the already assembled cross four corners. In the case of a cross, we looked for the desired edge and put it in front at the top. Now our RC is not an edge, but an angle, and we will put it in front at the top right. To do this, we will proceed in the same way as in the first stage: first we will find it, then we will “drive” it to the bottom layer, then we will put it in the front bottom right, i.e. under the place we need, and after that we will drive it upstairs.
There is one beautiful simple formula. (P"N" PN) ⇔(R"D" RD). She even has a "smart" name -. She must be remembered.
We are looking for an element with which we will work (RC). In the upper right near corner should be a corner that has the same colors as the centers of the top, front and right. We find it. If the RC is already in place and rotated correctly, then by turning the entire Cube we change the front, and look for a new RC.
If the RC is in the third layer, then rotate the bottom and adjust the RC to the place we need, i.e. front bottom right.
We spin the Z-switch! If the corner did not fall into place, or stood up, but turned incorrectly, then turn the Z switch again, and so on until the RK is at the top in place and correctly turned. Sometimes you need to twist the Z-switch up to 5 times.
If the RC is in the upper layer and not in place, then we drive it out of there by any other using the same Z-switch. That is, first we turn the Cube so that the top remains white, and the RC that needs to be kicked out is in the upper right in front of us and we turn the Z-switch. After the RC is “kicked out”, we again turn the Cube towards us with the desired front, rotate the bottom, put the already expelled RC under the place we need and drive it up with the Z-switch. We twist the Z-switch until the cube is oriented as it should.
We apply this algorithm for the remaining corners. As a result, we get a fully assembled first layer of the Cube! 14 out of 26 cubes stand still!
Let's admire this beauty for a while and turn the Cube over so that the collected layer is at the bottom. Why is it necessary? We will soon need to start assembling the second and third layers, and the first layer is already assembled and interferes with the top, covering all the layers of interest to us. Therefore, we turn them up in order to better see all the remaining and uncollected disgrace. Top and bottom changed places, right and left too, but the front and rear remained the same. The top is now yellow. Let's move on to the second layer.
I want to warn you, with each step the Cube takes on a more assembled look, but when you twist the formulas, the already assembled sides are stirred. The main thing is not to panic! At the end of the formula (or sequence of formulas), the Cube will be assembled again. Unless, of course, you follow the main rule - during the rotation you can not twist the entire Cube, so as not to accidentally go astray. Only separate layers, as written in the formula.
Stage 3 - second layer
So, the first layer is assembled, and it is at the bottom. We need to put 4 edges of the 2nd layer. They can now be located both on the second and on the third (now upper) layer.
Select on the top layer any edge without the color of the top face (without yellow). Now it will be our RK. By rotating the top, we adjust the RC so that it matches in color with some side center. Rotate the Cube so that this center becomes the front.
Now there are two options: our working cube needs to be moved down to the second layer, either to the left or to the right.
There are two formulas for this: 
down and right VP V"P" V"F" VF ⇔UR U"R" U"F" UF
down and left V"L" VL VF V"F" ⇔U"L" UL UF U"F"
If suddenly the RC is already in the second layer in the wrong place, or in its own place, but incorrectly rotated, then we “kick out” it with any other using one of these formulas, and then apply this algorithm again.
Be careful. The formulas are long, you can’t make mistakes, otherwise the Cube will “figure it out” and you will have to start the assembly again. It's okay, even champions sometimes go astray when assembling.
As a result, after this stage, we have two collected layers - 19 out of 26 cubes are in place!
(If you want to optimize the assembly of the first two layers a little, you can use here.)
Stage 4 - the cross of the third layer ("lower cross")
The purpose of this step is to collect the cross of the last unassembled layer. Although the unassembled layer is now at the top, the cross is called the "bottom" because it was originally at the bottom.
First, we will rotate the edges so that they are all facing up in the same color as the top. If they are already all turned up so that at the top we get a one-color flat cross, we move on to moving the edges. If the cubes are turned incorrectly, we will turn them over. There can be several cases of edge orientation: 
A) all wrongly rotated
B) two adjacent ones are incorrectly rotated
C) two opposite ones are incorrectly rotated
(There can be no other options! That is, it cannot be that there is only one edge left to turn. If two layers of the cube are collected, and an odd number of edges are left to turn on the third, then you can stop worrying further, but .)
Remember the new formula: FPV P"V"F" ⇔FRU R"U"F"
In case A) we twist the formula and get case B).
In case B), we rotate the Cube so that two correctly rotated edges are on the left and behind, twist the formula and get case C).
In case C), we rotate the Cube so that the correctly rotated edges are on the right and left, and, again, we twist the formula.
As a result, we get a “flat” cross from correctly oriented, but out of place edges. Now you need to make the correct volumetric cross from a flat cross, i.e. move edges.
Remember the new formula: PV P "V PV" 2 P "V ⇔RU R"U RU"2 R"U("fish").
We twist the top layer so that at least two edges fall into place (the colors of their sides coincide with the centers of the side faces). If everyone fell into place, then the cross is assembled, proceed to the next stage. If not everything is in place, then there can be two cases: either two adjacent ones are in place, or two opposite ones are in place. If they are opposite in place, then we twist the formula and get neighboring ones in place. If there are neighboring ones, then we turn the Cube so that they are on the right and behind. We twist the formula. After that, the edges that were out of place will be swapped. Cross completed!
NB: a little note about the "fish". This formula uses rotation IN 2 ⇔U "2, that is, rotate the top counterclockwise two times. In principle, for the Rubik's Cube IN 2 ⇔U "2 = IN 2 ⇔U2, but it's better to remember IN 2 ⇔U "2, because this formula can be useful for assembling, for example, a megaminx. But in megaminx IN 2 ⇔U "2 ≠ IN 2 ⇔U2, since one turn there is not 90 °, but 72 °, and IN 2 ⇔U "2 = AT 3 ⇔U3.
Stage 5 - corners of the third layer
It remains to install in place, and then correctly rotate the four corners.
Remember the formula: V"P" VL V"P VL" ⇔U"R" UL U"R UL" .
Let's look at the corners. If they are all in place and it remains only to rotate them correctly, then we look at the next paragraph. If not a single corner stands still, then we twist the formula, while one of the corners will definitely fall into place. We are looking for a corner that stands still. Rotate the Cube so that this corner is on the back right. We twist the formula. If at the same time the cubes did not fall into place, then we twist the formula again. After that, all the corners should be in place, it remains to rotate them correctly, and the Cube will be almost completed! 
At this stage, there are either three dice to turn clockwise, or three counterclockwise, or one clockwise and one counterclockwise, or two clockwise and two counterclockwise. There can be no other options! Those. it cannot be that there is only one corner die left to flip. Or two, but both clockwise. Or two clockwise and one against. Correct combinations: (- - -), (+ + +), (+ -), (+ - + -), (+ + - -) . If the two layers are assembled correctly, the correct cross is assembled on the third layer and the wrong combination is obtained, then again, you can not bathe further, but go for a screwdriver (read). If everything is correct, read on.
Remembering our Z-switch (P"N" PN) ⇔R"D" RD. Rotate the Cube so that the wrongly oriented corner is front right. Rotate the Z-commutator (up to 5 times) until the corner turns correctly. Next, without changing the front, we rotate the top layer so that the next “wrong” angle is in front on the right, and rotate the Z-commutator again. And so we do until all the corners turn around. After that, rotate the top layer so that the colors of its faces match the already assembled first and second layers. Everything! If we had an ordinary six-color cube, then it is already completed! It remains to turn the Cube with its original top (which is now on the bottom) up to get the original state.
Everything. Cube collected!
Hope you find this guide useful!
Stage 6 - Rotation of centers
Why is the cube not going?!
Many people ask the question: “I do everything as it is written in the algorithm, but the cube still does not collect. Why?" Usually the ambush waits on the last layer. Two layers are easy to assemble, but the third - well, no way. Everything is stirred, you start reassembling, again two layers, and again when assembling the third, everything is stirred. Why can this be so?
There are two reasons - obvious and not so:
obvious. You are not following the algorithms exactly. It is enough to make one turn in the wrong direction or skip some turn to stir the entire Cube. At the initial stages (when assembling the first and second layers), the wrong rotation is not very fatal, but when assembling the third layer, the slightest mistake leads to complete mixing of all the collected layers. But if you strictly follow the assembly algorithm described above, then everything should come together. The formulas are all time-tested, there are no errors in them.
Not very obvious. And that's probably the point. Chinese manufacturers make Dice of various quality - from professional champion dice to speed assembly to falling apart in the hands at the very first rotations. What do people usually do if the Cube fell apart? Yes, they put back the fallen out cubes, and do not worry about how they were oriented and in what place they stood. And you can't do that! Or rather, it is possible, but the probability after that to collect the Rubik's Cube will be extremely small.
If the Cube fell apart (or, as the speedcubers say, “pomped”), and it was assembled incorrectly, then when assembling the third layer, there will most likely be problems. How to solve this problem? Take it apart and put it back together again!
On a cube with two layers assembled, you need to carefully pry off the lid of the central cube of the third layer with a flat screwdriver or a knife, remove it, unscrew the screw with a small Phillips screwdriver, without losing the spring on the screw. Carefully pull out the corner and side cubes of the third layer and insert them correctly color by color. At the end, insert and screw on the previously unscrewed central cube (do not overtighten). Rotate the third layer. If it's tight, loosen the screw, if it's too easy, tighten it. It is necessary that all faces spin with the same force. After that, close the lid of the central cube. Everything.
You can, without unscrewing, turn any face by 45 °, pry one of the onboard cubes with your finger, knife or flat screwdriver and pull it out. Just do it carefully, because you can break the cross. Then, in turn, pull out the necessary cubes and insert them back into their places already correctly oriented. After everything is assembled color to color, it will also be necessary to insert (snap) the onboard cube, which was pulled out at the beginning (or some other, but onboard, because the corner one will definitely not work).
After that, the Cube can be mixed and calmly assembled using the above algorithm. And now he's definitely coming! Unfortunately, one cannot do without such “barbaric” procedures with a knife and a screwdriver, because if the Cube is not folded correctly after falling apart, it will not be possible to assemble it with rotations.
PS: if you can't collect even two layers, then first you need to make sure that at least the centers are in the right places. Perhaps someone rearranged the caps of the centers. The standard coloring should have 6 colors, white opposite yellow, blue opposite green, red opposite orange. Usually white top, yellow bottom, orange front, red rear, green right, blue left. But absolutely exactly the mutual arrangement of colors is determined by the corner cubes. For example, you can find an angular white-blue-red and see that the colors in it are arranged clockwise. So, if the top is white, then the right should be blue, and the front red.
PPS: if someone joked, and not just rearranged the elements of the cube, but re-glued the stickers, then collecting the Cube is generally unrealistic, no matter how much you break it apart. No screwdriver will help here. It is necessary to calculate which stickers were re-glued, and then re-stick them in their places.
Can it be even easier?
Well, where is it easier? This is one of the simplest algorithms. The main thing is to understand it. If you want to pick up a Rubik's Cube for the first time and learn how to solve it in a couple of minutes, then it's better to put it aside and do something less intellectual. Any training, including the simplest algorithm, takes time and practice, as well as brains and perseverance. As I said above, I mastered this algorithm myself in a week when I was 7 years old, and I was on sick leave with a sore throat.
To some, this algorithm may seem complicated, because it has a lot of formulas. You can try to use some other algorithm. For example, you can assemble the Cube, really using one single formula, for example, the same Z-commutator. It just takes a long, long time to assemble in this way. You can take another formula, for example, F PW "P" V " PVP" F" PVP "V" P "FPF", which swaps pairs of 2 side and 2 corner cubes. And using simple preparatory rotations, gradually collect cube, setting in place first all the side cubes, and then the corner ones.
Algorithms are a huge pile, but each of them needs to be approached with due attention, and each requires enough time to master.
You've been scratching your head over this puzzle for a week. And now, finally, it is assembled! .. You will never understand the joy of a person who has collected a Rubik's cube until you try to do it yourself.
For an inexperienced layman, collecting a Rubik's cube is not an easy task. Of course, on the Internet you can find both videos and instructions with where there is detailed description step by step assembly. But not all methods lend themselves to successful application in practice.
For beginner builders
Let's figure out what the 3x3 Rubik's cube consists of and how it can be twisted (although, most likely, it will twist you at first!).
The cube has a frame - a cross, on which the central details of each side are fixed. These details are motionless, and the rest of the "brotherhood" revolves around them.
Now take the cube, turn one of the sides towards you (at your discretion) and carefully consider:
B - top side
H ─ bottom side,
L ─ left side,
P ─ right side,
Ф - frontal (front) side,
Z ─ back side.
And, accordingly, it is important to learn combinations of turns:
F, Z, V, N, L, P - rotation clockwise (or away from you) by 90 degrees;
Ф ', З ', V ', N ', L ', P ' - counterclockwise rotation (or - towards yourself) by 90 degrees;
F”, Z”, V”, N”, L ″, P ”- rotation by 180 degrees.
The simplest scheme for assembling a 3x3 Rubik's Cube consists of seven consecutive steps.
Step 1. Assemble the cross on the top face.
Choose the side that will be the top. We will collect the "correct" cross. This means that on the top side, the center will be surrounded by details of the same color, and on the side faces, the stickers on the top cube and the central one will be different, but also the same color.
To get this result, the easiest way is to use one of the above rotations to move the cube we are interested in down, combine it with the center of the same color and move it back up.
When you have collected several edges in this way, and the next one is so that, lowering it, you will break the top, the combination P ', N ', P comes to your aid, allowing you to return everything to its place.
Step 2. Arrange the corners of the upper face.
It is easiest to start from those corners that are at the bottom. We twist the bottom so that the desired angle becomes under the place assigned to it, as in the picture below. Then we move it up with one of the turns, most likely breaking the upper cross, so we fix the corner by turning it completely in the opposite direction, put the center in place and return the corner. For example, for the case shown in Figure 4, we use a combination of P, F ', P ', F.
The principle is based on the fact that we “knock out” others with some cubes. If the corner is on top, then it is better to move it down, for example, by turning П′, and then put it in its place
Expected Result:
Step 3. We collect the middle layer.
First, rotate the cube so that assembled side was downstairs. Now you can arrange the four edges of the middle layer in their places. Three combinations are possible here:
1. It is necessary to transfer the cube from the top right to the front face. We turn B ', F ', B, F, B, P, B ', P '.
2. You can move to the right using a combination of B, P, B ', P ', B ', F ', B, F.
3. To turn an edge that is in the right place, but on the wrong side: П, В', П', В', Ф', В, Ф, В', П, В', П', В', F', V, F.
Result:
Step 4. We collect the "wrong" cross on the "new" top face.
The goal is to reach the variant with fig. 10, assemble the "white cross":
1) a combination of F, P, V, P ', V ', F ";
2) F, V, P, V’, P’, F’;
3) any of the proposed combinations twice.
Step 5. We make the “correct” cross out of the “wrong” one.
Rotate the top layer until any two edges match in color with the centers from the middle layer. There are two cases here:
1. In their places - two opposite edges, the other two need to be swapped. We use a combination of P, V, P ', V, P, V ”, P '.
2. Two assembled edges are at an angle, the other two need to be swapped with a combination of P, B ”, P ', B ', P, B ', P '. You may need to repeat this combination several times.
Result:
Step 6. Put the corners of the top layer in place.
To carry out this step, use one of the suggested combinations:
1) P’, F’, L, F, P, F’, L’, F;
2) F’, L, F, P’, F’, L’, F, P.
Step 7. Expand the corners with the right colors.
We hold the cube towards us with one side so that the “wrong” angle is on the top right. With a combination of P ', N ', P, N, we twist the cube until the corner is right. Next, scroll the top to the next wrong turned corner and set it correctly with the same combination. We do not change the working side!
During these actions, the design of the cube may be broken. But that's how it's written in the script. So don't worry!
Finally, you can turn all four corners to the correct sides - the rest of the elements of the cube also fall into place! Be proud of yourself - you did it! Congratulations on a successful result!
Photo: kak-sobrat-kubik-rubika.praya.ru, speedcubing.com.ua, ru.gde-fon.com.
Pardon in the text? You saw її, push Shift+Enter or click.
Once upon a time, the inventor Erno Rubik collected his cube in a month, and the modern record is a few seconds.
Many years have passed, and interest in the Rubik's Cube is increasing. There is even a Rubik's Cube Blind Challenge! On many sites, enthusiasts discuss which dice building patterns are easier to remember, which rules are easier to follow, which algorithms are faster, and which fingers to hold on to.
Let while you are not going to participate in competitions, but just want to learn, or even just learn how to solve a Rubik's Cube - general principles solutions to this puzzle. Beginners do not need to learn detailed algorithms and schemes. Memorize 2 or 3 formulas, and practice to better absorb knowledge. I will try to explain the easiest way that I managed to find, having studied a lot of unnecessary things at the same time :). Full instructions on the assembly fit on this small web page.
There are different build strategies, and there are probably other simple rules. We won't even consider options. This is a topic for independent study.
If you hold the cube exactly, with one face (side) towards you, then its faces are denoted by the words: F ront (the edge closest to you), AT erx, L evo, P right.
Instructions for assembling the cube consists of formulas. A part of the assembly algorithm that performs part of the task is written as a formula. The correct formula swaps or rotates some cubes without disturbing the position of the rest. The formula is a sequence of the first letters of the words denoting the faces of the cube: F, V, L, P. On this page, the F face is marked in red. Letters can be with strokes.
AT
The letter B without a stroke indicates the rotation of the upper face clockwise by 90 degrees.
AT"
The letter B with a dash denotes a counterclockwise rotation of the top face by 90 degrees.
AT""
The letter B with two strokes indicates a rotation of the upper face by 180 degrees.
Formula 1. VP "V" "P VP" VP
For memorization:
VP VP VP VP, first and third time P, second time B ""
(The 2 far dice of the upper cross are swapped)
Formula 2. P"VLV" PVL"V"
For memorization:
PVLV PVLV, first strokes along the edges, then on the second pair
(The 3 nearest corner cubes of the upper face are cyclically moved)
Formula 3. F "P FP" the required number of times
For memorization:
Forward - forward - back - back
(The nearest corner cube is rotated without changing its place)
Formulas must be memorized. The rest of the rules must be understood. In my experience, with my poor memory, I never forgot the "back and forth" formula, in the PVLV formula I forgot where the strokes are, and in the VP formula I forgot the order of the letters V and P. As a result, I learned the most difficult PVLV formula, and remembered that the letters VP go in a different order than in the word PVLV.
You may have noticed that the central cubes always stay in place. Therefore, to assemble one face, you need to assemble a "cross" and corner cubes of the same color as the center.
Pair of corner cubes
Assembly order
(1) Lower cross.
(2) 2 bottom layers. In turn, we collect 4 pairs of corner cubes.
(3) Upper cross by center color
(4) Formula 1 to correct the upper cross
(5) Formula 2 for the correct arrangement of the corner cubes of the upper face
(6) Formula 3 to rotate the corner cube. Turn the top face of the other irregular corner cube towards you. Do Formula 3 again. And so on. until the entire top face is correct.
(1)
lower cross
(2)
2 bottom layers
(3)
Upper cross assembled
(4)
Upper cross corrected
(5)
Corner cubes collected
(6)
Corner cubes fixed
It is convenient to collect the necessary cubes in the upper layer, keeping an eye on the safety of the already assembled two lower layers:
(1) Turn, e.g. P. In this case, a pair of cubes of the same corner rises to the top layer
(2) Top Face Rotation B or B" or B""
(3) Reverse turn (R")
After that, the lower cross and one of the lower corners are completely restored. The pair of cubes that you lifted up must either not be collected yet (then it’s not a pity), or must remain an inseparable pair during further manipulations until you return them to their place after reaching the next goal.
Wish you success! After a few hours of study, you will be able to solve a Rubik's Cube in a couple of minutes.
The most exciting activity is the assembly of the Rubik's cube. This entertaining puzzle for adults and children allows you to train logical thinking, as well as to develop mathematical ability. Our article will tell you how to solve a 3×3 Rubik's Cube for beginners, plus a diagram with pictures and an informative video will help you understand this issue.
Solve Rubik's Cube 3×3 diagram with pictures
The standard design is a cube with six faces of different colors. The size of the cube is 3×3 separate sectors that can rotate in different directions. Such actions are achieved due to a special cross inside the puzzle, which cannot be seen from the outside. Based on the "classic" Rubik's Cube, many variations of this puzzle have been invented. There are cubes with two, four and even five sectors, as well as triangular and pentagonal designs. The so-called mirror cubes deserve special attention, in which the parts are of the same color, but of different sizes. It is assembled according to the same rules and schemes as the classic cube model. The task in this case requires more attention and concentration, because you need to switch your brain from colors to sizes.
To assemble the cube, there is a special algorithm compiled by its developer. Subsequently, many more algorithms of different complexity appeared, allowing you to assemble a puzzle from various positions and even set speed records. It is better to look at the instruction visually in pictures so that the described algorithms can be applied.
How to Solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube Quickly and Easily for Beginners
To use such instructions, it is imperative to master the theoretical base. In the process, do not forget that this is a mathematical puzzle, for the solution of which it is necessary to understand and remember a certain sequence of actions.
Basic facts, terms and concepts:
- Each 3x3 cube has 6 centers, 8 corners and 12 edges.
- The central part never changes its location and is always stationary. It is by the color of the center that the face of the cube is determined.
- Each edge has two colors, which also cannot be changed during rotation.
- Corner colors are defined in the same way. They remain unchanged and are a combination of three colors.
Equally important is the designation of the edges and the direction of movement. It is this information that will help to collect the cube according to the proposed formula.
The official values are:
- F (front or Ф) - front (front) side of the cube.
- B (back or T) - back or back side.
- L (left or L) - face on the left.
- R (right or П) - face on the right.
- U (up or B) - upper part.
- D (down or H) - the bottom of the cube.
- Fw (f) - front (frontal) side together with the middle layer.
- Bw (b) - back part together with the middle part.
- Lw (l) - left side and middle layer.
- Rw (r) - right side along with the middle.
- Uw (u) - the upper part along with the middle layer.
- Dw(d) is the bottom piece of the puzzle along with the middle piece.
The central cubes have a letter designation similar to the names of the middle part. For ease of identification, they are written with a small letter. Rib parts are indicated by two letters, and corner parts by three.
If there are just letters in the scheme, the faces are rotated clockwise. In formulas, you can find the designation of the apostrophe sign (`) next to the letter. This means that the specified face should be flipped counterclockwise. If the number 2 is next to the designation, this means that you will have to scroll in the specified direction the specified number of times. Usually, with such notations, the apostrophe sign is not indicated. In fact, the result will be the same when rotating in one direction or the other.
It is also worth studying the notation of intercepts. This is the name of the movement (change of position) of the cube in space.
Intercept designations:
- x - rotation occurs from itself along the plane R and L. As a result, side F turns into U.
- x` - rotation occurs towards itself along the plane R and L. As a result, side F turns into D.
- y - rotation occurs in the horizontal direction clockwise. As a result, the F side becomes L.
- y` - rotation occurs in the horizontal direction counterclockwise. As a result, side F turns into R.
- z - rotation occurs in the frontal plane clockwise. As a result, the U side becomes R.
- z` - rotation occurs in the frontal plane against the clockwise direction. As a result, the U side becomes L.
An interesting fact: the creator of the fascinating puzzle Erno Kubik deduced the ideal mathematical dimensions of the cube at 57 mm. Many puzzle manufacturers still adhere to this standard.
How to solve a Rubik's cube
Having mastered the basic techniques for assembling a cube, you can proceed to its more complex variations. Before you assemble a Rubik's mirror cube, you need to master the techniques of assembling a regular puzzle to perfection. After that, the task will not be so difficult, because the assembly algorithm will not differ significantly.
Rubik's cube video
You can clearly see the assembly of the mirror cube on the proposed video clip. It should be noted that now you can purchase not only the model with "classic" silver faces, but also colored cubes with different sizes faces. It will be even easier to assemble such structures, because not only the shape, but also the color will serve as a hint.
How to solve a Rubik's cube: a scheme from the magazine "Science and Life" in 1982
When the puzzle first appeared in the expanses of the former USSR, many people puzzled over the solution of this problem. At the same time, almost immediately, the published solution helped to assemble the puzzle in the simplest, and still used way.
How to solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube:
- Placement of the cross on the top layer of the base four elements and orientation of the side blocks.
- Setting four corner pieces on the first puzzle layer.
- Exhibition of the four side elements of the cube by color.
- Assembling the corner elements of the second layer.
- Flipping the cube, exposing the four side elements of the third layer.
- Assemble the corner blocks to their positions, but they can be flipped.
- Correct orientation of corner blocks.
Thanks to the above schemes in color, it was also possible to perform several atypical assemblies, the so-called solitaire games. This will ensure an exciting time with the puzzle even after the solution has been worked out to automatism.
Algorithm, scheme and god formula
The easiest way to solve a 3x3 Rubik's Cube is modestly called "God's Algorithm". Many people have been thinking about the task of developing the simplest and fastest way to assemble a cube for more than one year. At first, the most “advanced” algorithm included at least 38 moves and required more than 119 event options to study. Of course, fans of such a system are still there, but this will not be enough for a record-breakingly fast assembly.
The "algorithm of God" or the Lord includes a sequence of several moves:
On the first pass, you may not be able to complete the Rubik's Cube. You should repeat the above sequence of actions one more time or several times until the desired result is achieved. You can clearly see how to solve a 3 by 3 Rubik's Cube as quickly as possible in the video.
This entertaining puzzle at the stage of its discovery, it drove many people crazy, because of the many options, only one algorithm made it possible to collect all the faces by color. Our article provides step-by-step instruction in pictures, and also describes a detailed algorithm for assembling the Rubik's cube.
More interesting things on our website.
- that's half the battle. Now it needs to be assembled. And here this most detailed video instruction will help you.ANOTHER RUBIK'S CUBE INSTRUCTION FOR BEGINNERS?
Now the Internet is crammed with a huge number of instructions on the topic how to solve a 3x3 rubik's cube. The ways to solve the Rubik's cube for beginners, which are taught by numerous instructors, are practically no different.Except for one, the most important thing - the simplicity and accessibility of the explanation. It depends on this how quickly you or your child will solve your first Rubik's cube.
WILL COLLECT EVEN A FIRST-GRADER. THE BEST INSTRUCTION FOR LEARNING CHILDREN.
Simplest 3x3 rubik's cube learning method developed by the hero of the show "Ukraine Got Talent" Maxim Chechnev. Maxim, while working in children's camps, taught many children how to solve a 3x3 cube. And based on his experience, he developed the simplest teaching methodology, understandable and accessible to children even of primary school age.
The learning process is divided into 9 lessons with tasks. Do not be intimidated by the number of lessons - all of them can be completed within a few hours. But in the final, you will not only collect your first Rubik's cube, but you are also guaranteed to remember the assembly steps and for the second time you will definitely collect the Rubik's cube without prompts, on your own.
How to solve a Rubik's Cube video from Maxim Chechnev.
Stage 1. Basics of the cube structure.
Stage 2. We assemble a cross on one of the sides + a theory about the elements of the Rubik's cube 3x3.
After you have assembled the cross, before watching 3 videos, it is MANDATORY to disassemble and reassemble it several times. Fix the steps and Rubik's cube formulas immediately, so as not to forget in an hour!
Stage 3. We put the elements of the cross in place.
Stage 4. We collect one side completely.
Stage 5A. We collect the second layer (second floor) of the Rubik's cube + fixing the material.
IMPORTANT! After completing step 5A, disassemble your cube - and be sure to secure the previous 4 steps of the Rubik's Cube on the orange side (collect the cross, and then completely the entire orange side).
Stage 5B. We collect the second layer (second floor) of the Rubik's cube + additional possible situations.
