home > Graphic arts > What does important settings mean. All launch options settings for cs go. What to write in cs go launch options

What does important settings mean. All launch options settings for cs go. What to write in cs go launch options

Many of you have probably heard about launch options in cs go, but not everyone knows what they are for and which ones can really benefit your PC. What are launch options? These are commands that tell the game to take some action on loading or to launch the game with certain settings. Good launch settings will not only give you a smooth ride, but will make your life easier. For example, you can change the screen resolution when opening cs go or skip the intro video (to save time).

CS:GO launch settings - useful commands

  • -novid - disables the intro video when entering the game
  • -w 640 -h 480 - you can set the screen resolution at startup. Instead of 640 and 480, put your own values
  • -console - turns on the console in the game
  • -freq 120 - sets the monitor to the required screen refresh rate. It only makes sense to use it if you have a 120 or 144 Hz monitor.
  • -high - starts the game in high priority mode. This can help players with weak computers. It does not make sense to use if you have a powerful PC.
  • -threads 4 - tell the game how many cores you have. If you have two cores, then instead of four we put a deuce; with six cores we put the six. See in-game if this command has any effect. If not, you can not write
  • -fullscreen - launch cs go in full screen mode
  • -language English - sets the language. At the same time, you can have steam in Russian, and cs go in English
  • +rate 124000 - maximum amount of data received by the host (bps)
  • +cl_cmdrate 128 - max number of packets sent to the server
  • +cl_updaterate 128 - maximum requested package updates from the server
  • -noaafonts - disables anti-aliasing. Helps to increase fps in cs go
  • +exec autoexec.cfg - launch a pre-configured config
  • -window - to run the game in windowed mode
  • -noborder - launches csgo in windowed mode without a border
  • -low - you can set not only high priority, but also low
  • -dxlevel 81 - setting DirectX to version 8.1
  • -dxlevel 90 - setting DirectX to version 9
  • -heapsize 262144 - this parameter allocates 512MB of RAM
  • -heapsize 524288 - allocate 1GB of RAM
  • -heapsize 1048576 - allocate 2GB of RAM
  • -noaafonts - this command disables screen font smoothing
  • -refresh 100 is a special parameter for changing Hertz for HL2 Engine monitors.
  • -soft – turns on cs in graphical mode Software
  • -d3d - enables cs in Direct3D mode
  • -gl - enable cs in Open GL graphics mode
  • -nojoy - disables the joystick
  • -noipx - disables the LAN protocol
  • -noip - removes an IP address without the ability to connect to servers
  • -nosound - turns off the sound in cs go
  • -nosync - turns off vertical sync
  • -console - gives access to the developer console
  • -dev - enable mod for developers
  • -zone # - allows you to allocate more memory to files like autoexec.cfg etc
  • -safe - allows you to run cs go in safe mode plus turns off audio
  • -autoconfig - reset video settings to default
  • -condebug - saves logs to the console.log file
  • -nocrashdialog - to cancel the display of some errors (memory could not be read)
  • -toconsole - to start the game engine in the console if no map is defined with +map
  • +a +r_mmx 1 - to start the game with a cvar command on the command line (instead of cfg)
  • -tickrate 128 - server refresh rate
  • -m_rawinput - whether windows settings will affect mouse sensitivity
    • noforcemspd - mouse speed is the same as in Windows
  • -noforcemaccel - disable mouse acceleration
  • -noforcemparms - use mouse button settings like in Windows

Of course, 80% of the commands described above are for some cyber nerds. I listed them just in case. And I recommend borrowing the optimal launch options for cs go from the Navi team.

Launch Options for Pro Players

Pro players certainly know what needs to be written there. They hardly miss anything. Let's see what the Natus Vincere players have there. Natus Vincere CS:GO top players launch options

Arseniy "ceh9" Trynozhenko launch parameters:

W 1280 -h 720 -novid -freq 144 +rate 128000 +cl_interp 0.01 +cpu_frequency_monitoring 2 +engine_no_focus_sleep convar 1 cl_obs_interp_enable 0 +cl_hideserverip -console

Yes, I have an old roster, but in fact all esportsmen have similar teams + they change them from time to time. So it's not worth worrying too much. Take the one you like best.

How to set launch options in cs go - step by step instructions (in pictures)


Yes, I forgot the most important thing - to tell you how to install them (or rather, where to prescribe them). To set launch options in cs go, you need to right-click in steam, select the properties tab and switch to the tab called "set launch options", as shown in the figure below:



Popular questions

Let's quickly run through common questions you may have.

Why launch options are needed


For convenience. In fact, you can not use them at all .. I personally did not use it. I had enough of those that are in the game.

How to set screen resolution through cs go launch options.


This is done using the command -w 640 -h 480, where instead of these numbers you can put any resolution you need.

How to run cs go in a window

Commands that allow you to open cs go in windowed mode (this can be done in the settings inside the game or without entering the game by entering the following in the properties):

  • -windowed -w 1024 -h 768 - run in windowed mode, where w is the width and h is the height
  • -noborder - windows will not border the game window. It makes sense to use only when running in a window. In this mode, you can move it. To do this, use -x (distance from the left edge of the screen) and -y (distance from the top edge of the screen)

What to write in cs go launch options


You can write nothing at all. I've been playing this way all my life and it didn't cause any problems. Yes, weak PC, sagging FPS, etc. all this is unpleasant. But in fact, there is only one way to influence them - updating the hardware. So don't get too carried away. If you have a weak PC, I recommend that you first and then write in the console:

novid -console -freq 60 +rate 128000 +cl_cmdrate 128 +cl_updaterate 128 -threads 4 -high +cl_interp 0 +cl_interp_ratio 1+fps_max (your value)

Standard cs go launch options

To return the standard values ​​of rates, write the following:

rate 80000; cl_updaterate 64; cl_cmdrate 64; cl_interp 0.03125; cl_interp_ratio 2; cl_lag compensation 1

Modern graphics processors contain many functional blocks, the number and characteristics of which determine the final rendering speed, which affects the comfort of the game. By the comparative number of these blocks in different video chips, you can roughly estimate how fast a particular GPU is. Video chips have a lot of characteristics, in this section we will consider only the most important of them.

Clock frequency of the video chip

The operating frequency of a GPU is usually measured in megahertz, i.e. millions of cycles per second. This characteristic directly affects the performance of the video chip - the higher it is, the more work the GPU can perform per unit of time, process a greater number of vertices and pixels. An example from real life: the frequency of the video chip installed on the Radeon HD 6670 board is 840 MHz, and the exact same chip in the Radeon HD 6570 model operates at a frequency of 650 MHz. Accordingly, all the main performance characteristics will also differ. But not only the operating frequency of the chip determines the performance, its speed is also strongly influenced by the graphics architecture itself: the design and number of execution units, their characteristics, etc.

In some cases, the clock frequency of individual GPU blocks differs from the frequency of the rest of the chip. That is, different parts of the GPU operate at different frequencies, and this is done to increase efficiency, because some units are able to operate at higher frequencies, while others are not. Most NVIDIA GeForce video cards are equipped with such GPUs. From recent examples, let's take a video chip in the GTX 580 model, most of which operates at a frequency of 772 MHz, and the universal computing units of the chip have a doubled frequency - 1544 MHz.

Fill rate (fill rate)

The fill rate shows how fast the video chip is able to draw pixels. There are two types of fillrate: pixel fill rate and texel rate. The pixel fill rate shows the speed at which pixels are drawn on the screen and depends on the operating frequency and the number of ROPs (rasterization and blending operations units), while the texture fill rate is the texture data sampling rate, which depends on the frequency of operation and the number of texture units.

For example, the peak pixel fill rate of the GeForce GTX 560 Ti is 822 (chip frequency) × 32 (ROP units) = 26304 megapixels per second, and the texture fill rate is 822 × 64 (texturing units) = 52608 megatexels/s. Simplified, the situation is as follows - the larger the first number, the faster the video card can render ready-made pixels, and the larger the second, the faster the texture data is sampled.

Although the importance of "pure" fillrate has recently decreased significantly, giving way to the speed of calculations, these parameters are still very important, especially for games with simple geometry and relatively simple pixel and vertex calculations. So both parameters remain important for modern games but they must be balanced. Therefore, the number of ROPs in modern video chips is usually less than the number of texture units.

Number of compute (shader) units or processors

Perhaps now these blocks are the main parts of the video chip. They execute special programs known as shaders. Moreover, if earlier pixel shaders performed blocks of pixel shaders, and vertex ones - vertex blocks, then since some time graphic architectures have been unified, and these universal computing blocks have been engaged in various calculations: vertex, pixel, geometric and even universal calculations.

The unified architecture was first used in the video chip of the Microsoft Xbox 360 game console, this graphics processor was developed by ATI (later acquired by AMD). And in video chips for personal computers, unified shader units appeared on the board NVIDIA GeForce 8800. And since then, all new video chips are based on a unified architecture, which has a universal code for different shader programs (vertex, pixel, geometric, etc.), and the corresponding unified processors can execute any programs.

By the number of computing units and their frequency, you can compare the mathematical performance of different video cards. Most games are now limited by the performance of pixel shaders, so the number of these blocks is very important. For example, if one video card model is based on a GPU with 384 computing processors in its composition, and another from the same line has a GPU with 192 computing units, then at an equal frequency, the second one will be twice as slow to process any type of shader, and in general will be the same more productive.

Although it is impossible to draw unambiguous conclusions about performance solely on the basis of the number of computing units, it is imperative to take into account the clock frequency and different architecture of blocks of different generations and chip manufacturers. These figures alone can be used to compare chips within the same line of one manufacturer: AMD or NVIDIA. In other cases, you need to pay attention to performance tests in games or applications of interest.

Texturing Units (TMUs)

These GPU units work in conjunction with the compute processors to sample and filter texture and other data needed for scene building and general-purpose computing. The number of texture units in the video chip determines the texture performance - that is, the speed at which texels are fetched from textures.

Although recently more emphasis has been placed on mathematical calculations, and some textures have been replaced by procedural ones, the load on TMUs is still quite high, since in addition to the main textures, samples must also be made from normal and displacement maps, as well as off-screen render target rendering buffers.

Taking into account the emphasis of many games, including on the performance of texturing units, we can say that the number of TMUs and the corresponding high texture performance are also one of the most important parameters for video chips. This parameter has a special effect on the rendering speed of an image when using anisotropic filtering, which requires additional texture fetches, as well as with complex soft shadow algorithms and newfangled algorithms like Screen Space Ambient Occlusion.

Rasterization Operations Units (ROPs)

The rasterization units carry out the operations of writing the pixels calculated by the video card into buffers and the operations of their mixing (blending). As we noted above, the performance of ROP units affects the fillrate and this is one of the main characteristics of video cards of all time. And although recently its value has also decreased somewhat, there are still cases where application performance depends on the speed and number of ROPs. Most often, this is due to the active use of post-processing filters and anti-aliasing enabled at high game settings.

Once again, we note that modern video chips cannot be evaluated only by the number of various blocks and their frequency. Each series of GPUs uses a new architecture, in which the execution units are very different from the old ones, and the ratio of the number of different units may differ. For example, AMD's ROPs in some solutions can do more work per clock than NVIDIA's ROPs, and vice versa. The same applies to the abilities of TMU texture units - they are different in different generations of GPUs from different manufacturers, and this must be taken into account when comparing.

geometric blocks

Until recently, the number of geometry processing units was not particularly important. One block per GPU was sufficient for most tasks, since the geometry in games was quite simple and the main focus of performance was mathematical calculations. The importance of parallel processing of geometry and the number of corresponding blocks increased dramatically with the introduction of support for geometry tessellation in DirectX 11. NVIDIA was the first company to parallelize the processing of geometric data, when several corresponding blocks appeared in its GF1xx chips. Then AMD released a similar solution (only in the top solutions of the Radeon HD 6700 line based on Cayman chips).

Within the framework of this material, we will not go into details, they can be found in the basic materials of our site dedicated to DirectX 11-compatible graphics processors. In this case, what is important to us is that the number of geometry processing units greatly affects the overall performance in the newest games using tessellation, like Metro 2033, HAWX 2 and Crysis 2 (with the latest patches). And when choosing a modern gaming video card, it is very important to pay attention to geometric performance.

Video memory

Own memory is used by video chips to store the necessary data: textures, vertices, buffer data, etc. It would seem that the more it is, the better. But not everything is so simple, estimating the power of a video card by the amount of video memory is the most common mistake! Inexperienced users overestimate the value of the amount of video memory most often, still using it to compare different models of video cards. It is understandable - this parameter is one of the first to be indicated in the lists of characteristics of finished systems, and it is written in large print on the boxes of video cards. Therefore, it seems to an inexperienced buyer that since there is twice as much memory, then the speed of such a solution should be twice as high. The reality differs from this myth in that memory can be of different types and characteristics, and productivity growth grows only up to a certain volume, and after reaching it, it simply stops.

So, in each game and with certain settings and game scenes, there is a certain amount of video memory that is enough for all the data. And even though you put 4 GB of video memory there, it will not have reasons to speed up rendering, the speed will be limited by the execution units discussed above, and there will simply be enough memory. That is why, in many cases, a video card with 1.5 GB of VRAM performs at the same speed as a card with 3 GB (ceteris paribus).

There are situations where more memory leads to a visible increase in performance - these are very demanding games, especially at ultra-high resolutions and at maximum quality settings. But such cases are not always encountered and the amount of memory must be taken into account, not forgetting that performance simply will not increase above a certain amount. Memory chips also have more important parameters, such as the width of the memory bus and its operating frequency. This topic is so extensive that we will dwell on choosing the amount of video memory in more detail in the sixth part of our material.

Memory bus width

The memory bus width is the most important characteristic that affects the memory bandwidth (BW). A large width allows you to transfer more information from video memory to the GPU and back per unit of time, which has a positive effect on performance in most cases. Theoretically, a 256-bit bus can transfer twice as much data per clock as a 128-bit bus. In practice, the difference in rendering speed, although it does not reach two times, is very close to it in many cases, with emphasis on the bandwidth of the video memory.

Modern gaming video cards use different bus widths: from 64 to 384 bits (previously there were chips with a 512-bit bus), depending on the price range and release time of a particular GPU model. For the cheapest low-end video cards, 64 and less often 128 bits are most often used, for the middle level from 128 to 256 bits, but video cards from the upper price range use buses from 256 to 384 bits wide. The bus width can no longer grow purely due to physical limitations - the size of the GPU chip is not enough to route more than a 512-bit bus, and it is too expensive. Therefore, memory bandwidth is now being increased by using new types of memory (see below).

Video memory frequency

Another parameter that affects memory bandwidth is its clock frequency. And increasing the memory bandwidth often directly affects the performance of the video card in 3D applications. The memory bus frequency on modern video cards ranges from 533 (1066, with doubling) MHz to 1375 (5500, with quadrupling) MHz, that is, it can differ by more than five times! And since the bandwidth depends on both the memory frequency and the width of its bus, a memory with a 256-bit bus operating at a frequency of 800 (3200) MHz will have a greater bandwidth compared to a memory operating at 1000 (4000) MHz with a 128-bit bus.

Particular attention should be paid to the parameters of the memory bus width, its type and frequency of operation when buying relatively inexpensive video cards, many of which are equipped with only 128-bit or even 64-bit interfaces, which negatively affects their performance. In general, we do not recommend buying a video card using a 64-bit video memory bus for a gaming PC at all. It is advisable to give preference to at least an average level with at least a 128- or 192-bit bus.

Memory types

Several different types of memory are installed on modern video cards at once. The old single rate SDR memory is nowhere to be found, but modern types of DDR and GDDR memory have significantly different characteristics. Various types of DDR and GDDR allow you to transfer two or four times more data at the same clock frequency per unit of time, and therefore the operating frequency figure is often indicated by double or quadruple, multiplying by 2 or 4. So, if the frequency is indicated for DDR memory 1400 MHz, then this memory operates at a physical frequency of 700 MHz, but indicate the so-called "effective" frequency, that is, the one at which SDR memory must operate in order to provide the same bandwidth. The same with GDDR5, but the frequency is even quadrupled here.

The main advantage of the new types of memory is the ability to operate at high clock speeds, and thus increase the throughput compared to previous technologies. This is achieved due to increased delays, which, however, are not so important for video cards. The first board to use DDR2 memory was the NVIDIA GeForce FX 5800 Ultra. Since then, graphics memory technology has advanced significantly, with the development of the GDDR3 standard, which is close to the DDR2 specifications, with some changes specifically for video cards.

GDDR3 is a video card-specific memory with the same technology as DDR2, but with improved consumption and heat dissipation characteristics, which allows chips to operate at higher clock speeds. Despite the fact that the standard was developed by ATI, the first video card to use it was the second modification of the NVIDIA GeForce FX 5700 Ultra, and the next one was the GeForce 6800 Ultra.

GDDR4 is further development graphics memory that is almost twice as fast as GDDR3. The main differences between GDDR4 and GDDR3, which are significant for users, are once again increased operating frequencies and reduced power consumption. Technically, GDDR4 memory is not much different from GDDR3, it is a further development of the same ideas. The first video cards with GDDR4 chips on board were the ATI Radeon X1950 XTX, while NVIDIA did not release products based on this type of memory at all. The advantages of new memory chips over GDDR3 is that the power consumption of modules can be about a third lower. This is achieved at the cost of a lower voltage rating for GDDR4.

However, GDDR4 is not widely used even in AMD solutions. Starting with the RV7x0 family of GPUs, graphics card memory controllers support a new type of GDDR5 memory, operating at an effective quadruple frequency of up to 5.5 GHz and higher (frequency up to 7 GHz is theoretically possible), which gives a throughput of up to 176 GB / s using 256-bit interface. While GDDR3/GDDR4 had to use a 512-bit bus to increase the bandwidth of GDDR3/GDDR4 memory, switching to GDDR5 made it possible to double the performance with smaller die sizes and lower power consumption.

The most modern types of video memory are GDDR3 and GDDR5, it differs from DDR in some details and also works with double / quadruple data transfer. In these types of memory, some special technologies are used to increase the frequency of operation. For example, GDDR2 memory typically operates at higher frequencies than DDR, GDDR3 at even higher frequencies, and GDDR5 provides the maximum frequency and bandwidth at the moment. But inexpensive models are still equipped with “non-graphic” DDR3 memory with a much lower frequency, so you need to choose a video card more carefully.

The most popular game, "Belarusian miracle", a game of all times and peoples. As soon as they did not call the online game World of Tanks. And there were reasons for that. How could it happen that a game from a little-known Wargaming studio, located in a little-known country, gained wild popularity in a year? Nobody has an answer to this question.

By the way, "Tanks" still holds the Guinness Book of Records as the most successful game that has gained popularity in the shortest period of time. The success of "Tanks" has not yet been able to repeat any game, even from the most famous studios.

However, with each update it becomes more and more difficult to "roll into tanks" as system requirements games. Now, without the correct graphics settings, it is not possible to play normally and "bend over". Therefore, we will try to figure out what graphics settings in game world of Tanks are optimal for successful battles.

What you need to know about system requirements

System requirements in "Tanks" are not moderate. In order for the game to function at maximum settings, a very powerful computer is required. And the more powerful, the better. For for comfortable game requires an impressive number of frames per second. Without this, it will not be possible to conduct effective battles.

The video card requirements are even higher. Ideally, the user should have an NVidia 1080. Then we can talk about high-quality and productive graphics. Setting the graphics in World of Tanks can load even a very powerful machine to the fullest.

No less requirements are placed on the processor and RAM. A comfortable game requires at least the latest generation Intel Core i3 and 8 gigabytes of RAM. Without this, the game will terribly slow down. And in "Tanks" a split second is everything. But optimal settings graphics in World of Tanks allow you to somewhat reduce the load on the processor and RAM. Therefore, it is important to be able to properly set the graphics.

General settings

Let's move on to the "Tanks" graphics settings. And the first section is called "General Settings". They also affect the graphic component of the game. Therefore, you need to be able to configure them correctly.

So, setting up graphics in World of Tanks begins. First of all, turn on the dynamic camera and horizontal stabilization in sniper mode. This is absolutely necessary for a comfortable game. But it is better to turn off the effect of optics, because there is zero sense from it, and the iron loads.

Screen settings

They depend on the type of monitor you are using. These include screen resolution, refresh rate, aspect ratio, and other settings. For a comfortable game, you need to enable dynamic change, set the resolution of the 3D render to 100 percent and turn off Anti-Aliasing, also turn off. Thus we raise world performance of tanks. The maximum graphics settings are not always good for this or that equipment.

The screen settings must be carefully considered, as incorrect ones can affect vision. Especially if you are still using an ancient CRT monitor.

Remember that the optimal frequency for such monitors is 75-85 hertz. If you have a modern LCD screen, then we leave the standard 60 hertz and do not bother. Proper screen setup will help you enjoy the game and not plant your eyesight.

Graphics settings

Here we come to the essence. It is these settings that determine the quality of the image and the performance of the game as a whole. Immediately go to the "Advanced" tab and turn on the standard graphics mode. Set the texture quality to "High". This is quite enough.

Turn off unnecessary effects: grass in sniper mode, caterpillar effects, foliage transparency, dynamic change in the quality of effects and caterpillar tracks. You can play normally without these "beauties". Setting up graphics in World of Tanks is a delicate matter that does not tolerate excesses.

All other sliders are set to the "High" position. In addition to water quality, landscape, details and additional effects. You can turn them off altogether. This will help improve the performance of the game several times over. This is the basic graphics setting for the World Tanks laptop. All sorts of "pretty" and effects for laptops are detrimental.

Why not use enhanced graphics?

The fact is that such improvements are only possible for computers with top hardware configurations. Most users can only dream of such a quality of settings. Not to mention laptop owners. If you do not have a top PC, then it is better not to even look at the settings for improved graphics.

The same applies to the type of downloaded client. There are SD versions - with normal resolution textures and HD - with high resolution textures. Which type of client to choose for a more comfortable game is probably not worth explaining. And so it is clear. Graphics settings in World of Tanks will be much better in the absence of high-resolution textures.

What else do you need to know?

In any case, medium settings are enough for a comfortable game. And some effects and "beautifulness" can be turned off altogether. Don't get fooled by graphic improvements like "Track Tracks". They only load the computer. Do not install any mods to improve graphics. It is proved that with them the performance of the game only drops. Do not use all sorts of "boosters" video cards. This is a direct path to getting a burnt video card.

It would also be nice to clarify the capabilities of your video card on the official website of the manufacturer. Knowing its characteristics, you can experiment with the settings and customize the game "for yourself." But the main thing here is not to overdo it.

In any case, it is worth knowing the characteristics of your computer as a whole. For without this knowledge, it will be impossible to set up the game for maximum performance. And that is exactly what we are striving for. "Tanks" is a very capricious game. It requires an appropriate level of iron and fine tuning.

Conclusion

All of the above settings will help you achieve the maximum frame rate during the game. Also, productivity will immediately increase, as the reaction will increase. Either action will take less time.

As a result, you will be able to "bend over" more effectively. Especially if you have a "pumped" gaming mouse with a good response. Without this, it will not be possible to successfully ride in "Tanks".


Basic system settings

In this chapter, we'll take a look at the basic system settings and how you can use them to customize Windows 7 to your needs.

Windows 7 Control Panel

The Windows Control Panel is a set of elements designed to configure the main components of the operating system, as well as perform a number of important operations (for example, connecting devices, removing programs, etc.). It is actively used not only by system administrators and other "advanced" users, but also by those who have only recently started working at a computer.

The control panel is launched using the Start > Control Panel command - when it is activated, a window is displayed on the screen, which is shown in Fig. 2.1.

Rice. 2.1. Windows 7 Control Panel


This figure shows the "by category" view of Control Panel that has been used since the release of Windows XP. However, if you wish, you can enable the Control Panel view that was used in earlier versions of Windows by selecting Small Icons from the View drop-down list.

The contents of the control panel, depending on the functional purpose, are grouped into categories, which can be opened by the corresponding links (see Fig. 2.1). Note that with the help of links you can not only open a category, but also go directly to one of its elements. Let's take a quick look at the main categories of the control panel and the elements included in them.

Items in the System and Security category are intended for viewing and editing system security settings, viewing system information and computer characteristics, archiving data, switching to the built-in Windows firewall mode, configuring power settings, performing system administration, maintenance, and system updates.

In the Network and Internet category, you can configure the Internet connection, configure file and folder sharing, check the status and configure the local network, switch to the Internet settings mode of Internet Explorer (note that this mode can also be entered directly from the Internet Explorer window ), adding wireless devices to the network, etc.

Elements of the Hardware and Sound category are designed to connect printers and other equipment to the computer, set up sound for system events, set up automatic playback of CDs and power saving settings, update drivers, adjust display settings and other actions related to the operation of equipment and sound design.

In the Programs category, you work with programs and applications - both from Microsoft and from third-party developers. In particular, here you can remove programs that do not have a standard uninstaller, select applications that will be used by default, enable or disable Windows components, work with Desktop gadgets, assign programs to open files of specific types (for example, a file with the extension avi will open by default with Media Player Classic, etc.), etc.

In the User Accounts and Family Safety category, work is underway to create and edit user accounts, configure the function parental control(this function allows you to prevent children from viewing inappropriate materials), change the password for accessing the system, etc. Information cards for connecting to online services are also managed here.

Elements of the Appearance and personalization category are intended for designing system interfaces, setting up the taskbar and the Start menu, managing fonts, setting folder options, etc. We have already met some elements of this category above.

Using the elements included in the Accessibility category, you can switch to the mode of setting the accessibility of the system for people with visual impairments, hearing impairments, musculoskeletal disorders, as well as setting up the speech recognition system and microphone.

Choosing and customizing a theme

A theme is a set of images, colors and sounds that, when combined, form a single interface design style. Topic includes:

Desktop background image or several images that change automatically after a certain interval of time (slide mode);

Screensaver - a moving image that automatically appears on the screen when there is no activity for a specified period of time (in this case, activity means performing any actions with the keyboard or mouse);

Window border color;

A sound scheme is a set of sound files, each of which is automatically played when a corresponding system event occurs (for example, system boot is accompanied by one sound, an email is received by another, shutdown by a third, etc.).

Windows 7 can support four types of skins, which are listed below.

My themes. This category brings together themes that have been created, customized, saved, or loaded by the user. Note that each time you change an existing theme, its new settings appear as a new unsaved theme.

Aero themes. These are the themes that are included with the Windows 7 operating system. All the themes in this category support Aero Glass effects, and most of them also support a background slide show on the desktop (that is, when one wallpaper after a certain period of time automatically changed to a different background image).

Installed themes. This category includes themes that were created by third-party developers or the manufacturer of this computer.

Basic (simplified) and high contrast themes. This category includes themes that are specifically designed to improve computer performance and improve the perception of information on the monitor screen. All themes in this category do not support Aero Glass effects. This, in fact, explains the fact that their use can improve computer performance (Aero Glass effects require additional hardware resources). As for high-contrast themes, they can be useful, for example, for visually impaired users.

Choosing and installing a theme

To switch to the mode of viewing and selecting themes, you need to click on the change theme link in the Control Panel in the Appearance and Personalization category. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.2.




Rice. 2.2. View and select themes


Customizing the theme

Themes available in the system can be edited at your discretion and saved in a separate file for later use. In this case, the changed theme will be saved exactly as new topic, and the theme - the source will not disappear anywhere, but will remain in its original form.

To change the theme, select it in the list of themes (see Fig. 2.2) with a mouse click, and then use the links at the bottom of the window: Desktop Background, Window Color, Sounds or Screen Saver - depending on which element you want to change.

To change the theme, click the Desktop background link at the bottom of the window (see Figure 2.2). As a result, the background image selection window shown in fig. 2.3.




Rice. 2.3. Choosing a Wallpaper for the Desktop


Here, in the Image location field, a folder with images is selected from the drop-down list. If the desired folder is not in the list, you can select it using the Browse button: when you click this button, a folder list window opens, in which you need to select the required directory by clicking the mouse and click the OK button.

The contents of the selected directory will be displayed in the central part of the window. To select a background image, check the box in the upper left corner of the icon for this image (in Fig. 2.3, the central image in the top row is selected). Note that the checkbox is displayed after moving the mouse pointer over the picture icon.

In the Image position field, from the drop-down list, you can select one of the following options for the position of the background image: Fill (this option is suggested to be used by default), Fit, Stretch, Tile, or Center.

The selected image will be used to design the Desktop after clicking the Save Changes button in this window.

As we noted earlier, Windows 7 supports the ability to use several images for the design of the Desktop at once, automatically changing at a specified interval of time. To do this, in the list of images (see Fig. 2.2), mark these images with checkboxes, and then in the Change image every field below, specify the time interval after which the background image will automatically change (by default, it is suggested to change background images every 30 minutes) . If you want the background image to change to random order(rather than in the order of the images in the folder), select the Random check box, which is to the right of the Change image every option. The settings you have made will take effect after you click the Save Changes button.

To change the color of window borders, click on the Window color link (see fig. 2.2) – as a result, the window shown in fig. 2.4.




Rice. 2.4. Changing the color of window borders, the Start menu, and the taskbar


In this window, you need to select the appropriate color with a mouse click. Along the way, you can change the intensity of the color by dragging the appropriate slider to the desired position, as well as control transparency (the Enable transparency checkbox is intended for this).

All changes made in this window take effect after clicking the Save Changes button, which is located at the bottom of the window. The Cancel button exits this mode without saving the changes made.

ATTENTION

The color settings you have made will also be applied to the Start menu and taskbar. This window (see Fig. 2.4) is not displayed for topics of the category Basic "simplified" themes and high contrast themes.

To change the theme's sound content, click the Sounds link (see Figure 2.2). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.5.



Rice. 2.5. Editing Windows 7 Sound Design


Here, in the Sound scheme field, you can specify the sound scheme (the term "sound scheme" was interpreted earlier). However, you can make finer adjustments by setting the sound for each system event yourself. To do this, in the Program events field, select the required event by clicking the mouse, then click the Browse button at the bottom of the window and in the window that opens, specify the path to the sound file that should accompany the selected event. Using the Check button, you can listen to the current sound file. Using the Save as button, you can separately save the sound scheme settings under a separate name (the sound scheme under this name will be available for selection in the drop-down list of the Sound scheme field).

For the settings made to take effect, click the OK or Apply button in this window (in the first case, the window will be closed with saving changes, in the second case, the changes will be saved, but the window will remain open). The Cancel button is designed to exit this mode without saving the changes made.

To select a screen saver, click the Screen Saver link (see Figure 2.2). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.6.



Rice. 2.6. Selecting a screen saver and setting its options


In this mode, you can not only select a screen saver, but also customize it to suit your needs.

The screensaver type is selected from the drop-down list in the Screensaver field. After that, the selected splash screen will be shown in the upper part of the window. You can preview how the selected splash screen will look in full screen mode by clicking the Preview button. To exit full screen view, simply move your mouse.

Recall that the screensaver appears on the screen when there is no activity for a certain time. This time interval is specified in the Interval (in minutes) field. In other words, if you enter a value of 2 in this field, then the screen saver will automatically turn on when the mouse and keyboard are not used for 2 minutes.

All changes made in this window take effect after clicking OK or Apply. The Cancel button exits this mode without saving the changes made.

After you make changes to a theme, it will appear in the My Themes category of the theme list as Unsaved Theme. To save a theme, click on it (so it will be applied) and then click on the Save Theme link below the list of themes in this category. In the window that opens, you need to enter an arbitrary name for the theme to be saved using the keyboard and click the Save button. After that, the theme will be available for selection in the My Themes category.

Mouse and keyboard settings

The mouse and keyboard are the most important tools with which the user gets the opportunity to work on the computer. The Windows 7 operating system has extensive functionality for customizing the mouse and keyboard in relation to the needs of a particular user, which will be discussed later.

Mouse setup

To go to the mouse settings, you need to open the Hardware and Sound category in the Control Panel, and click on the Devices and Printers link. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.7.




Rice. 2.7. List of devices connected to the computer


This window contains a list of all devices connected to the computer. To configure the mouse, right-click on its icon, and in the context menu that opens, select the Mouse settings command. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.8.



Rice. 2.8. Mouse Settings, Mouse Buttons tab


The Mouse Buttons tab (see Figure 2.8) contains the Swap button assignment checkbox, which sets the mouse button operation mode for left-handed or right-handed users. Most users use the right-handed setting (unchecked). In this case, the right mouse button is used to call the context menu, and the left mouse button is used to select and move objects, open folders and files, etc., in other words, it is the main one. When the left-handed mode is enabled (i.e., when this box is checked), the purpose of the mouse buttons changes in the opposite way. In the figure located to the right of this flag, the main mouse button is highlighted in black.

ATTENTION

When checking or unchecking the Change button assignment checkbox, keep in mind that the change takes effect immediately (the main button on the mouse icon located to the right will change accordingly). For example, if you set this flag according to the usual rules - using the left mouse button, then you can remove it only with the right mouse button.

The Speed ​​slider, located in the Double-click speed area, is used to adjust the double-click speed. At the same time, to the right of the slider there is a special field in which you can try out the set mode (this field shows a folder symbol that can be opened / closed by double-clicking.).

The Sticky mouse button selection area contains the Enable sticky checkbox. Setting this flag turns on the mode, which is convenient to use, for example, when selecting text fragments or moving objects. Its essence lies in the fact that when you press the main mouse button and hold it for some time (this period of time is set under the Parameters button, which becomes available when the Enable sticky checkbox is checked), it “sticks”, which allows you to perform the specified operations without constantly holding the main button in the pressed state. After selecting text or moving an object, to disable the sticky mode, just click the main mouse button.

The contents of the Pointers tab are shown in fig. 2.9.



Rice. 2.9. Mouse settings, pointers tab


On this tab, from the drop-down list in the Scheme area, you can select the required option for displaying the mouse pointer. By default, Windows Aero (system) is selected. The Customization box below lists the possible forms of the pointer that it can take, depending on the current operation of the operating system.

The system features provide for the creation of custom schemes, which will be present in the drop-down list of the Scheme area along with the system ones. Saving the current scheme under a different name is done using the Save as button - when you click this button, the Save scheme window will open on the screen, in which you should specify the required name from the keyboard and press the OK button. The Delete button is intended for deleting the current scheme; keep in mind that only custom schemes can be deleted (otherwise, the Delete button is unavailable).

Clicking the Default button restores the mouse pointer settings to the system defaults.

If necessary, you can change the icons of possible pointer shapes located in the Settings field. To do this, select the corresponding position with the cursor and click the Browse button - as a result, a window will open on the screen in which, according to the usual Windows rules, the path to the file of the required icon is indicated.

When the Enable Pointer Shadow check box is selected, the effect of a three-dimensional image of the pointer is created.

On the Pointer Options tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.10, a number of additional parameters of the mouse pointer are configured.



Rice. 2.10. Mouse Settings, Pointer Options tab


Use the Set pointer speed slider to set the required mouse pointer speed when moving the mouse. Selecting the Enable enhanced pointer precision checkbox allows you to enable a mode that improves the controllability of the mouse pointer, which is especially important when moving it over short distances.

If necessary, by using the On button selected by default check box, you can enable the indication that the mouse pointer is located on the button (or other interface element) selected in dialog boxes by default.

The selected Visibility area contains the following options:

Show mouse pointer trail – this checkbox enables the mode, in which a trail follows the mouse pointer while it is moving (an example of such a display is shown in the figure to the left of the checkbox). When this box is checked, the slider becomes available, with the help of which the length of the loop is adjusted.

Hide pointer while entering from the keyboard - if this box is checked, then while entering text or other information from the keyboard, the mouse pointer is not displayed on the screen, but appears only after any mouse movement.

Indicate pointer position when pressing Ctrl - if this box is checked, then when pressing the Ctrl key, the location of the mouse pointer is indicated by narrowing circles. This allows you to quickly and easily find the pointer anywhere in the work interface.

On the Wheel tab, in the selected area Scrolling, there is a switch Turning the wheel one click is used for scrolling, which can take the following values:

For the specified number of lines - when this value is selected, a field becomes available in which the number of lines scrolled by one click of the mouse wheel is indicated.

One screen - if this value is set, then one click of the mouse wheel scrolls a distance identical to pressing the Page Up or Page Down keys.

As for the Hardware tab, it contains the same information as on a similar tab in the keyboard settings window, which is described below.

Keyboard customization

To go to the keyboard settings, you need to right-click on its icon (see Fig. 2.7) and select the Keyboard settings item in the context menu that opens. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.11.



Rice. 2.11. Keyboard customization


This window consists of two tabs: Speed ​​and Hardware. Let's consider each of them.

On the Speed ​​tab, you can configure parameters that determine the speed characteristics of the keyboard. Using the Delay before repeat start slider, you can set the time interval after which characters repeat when the key is held down. The Repeat Speed ​​slider is designed to set the required speed for entering repeated characters when the key is held down. You can check the set speed in the field below. Use the Cursor Blink Rate slider to increase or decrease the cursor blink rate. The selected mode is clearly shown to the left of the slider.

The Hardware tab contains general information about the keyboard used: device name and type, manufacturer, device status (if there are no problems, the device is working normally). If you find malfunctions in the keyboard, you should use the Diagnostics button - when you click on it, the Troubleshooting Wizard window is displayed on the screen. The Properties button opens a window containing extended information about the keyboard: its type, status, and driver (it is now possible to uninstall and update the driver). The Device Status field on the General tab can display a list of conflicting devices, and if there are none, this field displays a message that the device is working properly.

Changes to the parameters of the keyboard properties window take effect after pressing the Apply or OK button. The Cancel button exits this mode without saving changes.

Connecting to the Internet and editing the properties of the created connection

You can access the Internet using both wired and wireless technologies. In this book, we will be working with a wired connection, since it is used by the vast majority of Internet users.

Windows 7 provides customization mechanisms different ways Internet connections - depending on what technology you intend to connect with: through a regular telephone network or through a high-speed connection. In this case, it should be borne in mind that for a particular user, the connection setting may have its own specifics - depending on the connection method, regional characteristics and other factors.

NOTE

If you are connected to a local network, check if you already have an active Internet connection. To do this, launch an Internet browser and try to open a website.

If the Internet connection is not configured, open the Control Panel, and in the Network and Internet category, select the Network and Sharing Center subcategory. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.12.




Rice. 2.12. Network and Sharing Management


Here, in the Change network settings area, click the link Set up a new connection or network to enter the Connection Wizard mode. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.13.




Rice. 2.13. The first stage of the Connection Wizard


In this window, click the mouse to select the appropriate connection option. To connect to the Internet, select Connect to the Internet in this window and click the Next button. If the system already has configured Internet connections, the system will specify how to proceed further - use the existing connection or create a new one.

At the next stage, you will need to choose a method for connecting to the Internet (Fig. 2.14).




Rice. 2.14. Selecting a connection method


If you intend to connect to the Internet via the telephone network by dialing the appropriate telephone number, select the Dial-up option in this window. As a result, the Wizard window will look as shown in Fig. 2.15.




Rice. 2.15. Establishing a Dial-up Internet Connection


In this window, in the Dialed number field, enter the phone number that the modem will dial to connect to the Internet. Pay attention to the Dialing Rules link located on the right - it is designed to switch to the mode of entering information about your current location. This mode indicates the country where you are located, area code, dialing method (tonal or pulse), as well as other necessary information.

In the Username and Password fields, you need to enter your credentials from the keyboard, which are provided by the Internet service provider. If you check the Show entered characters checkbox, then the password characters will be displayed, otherwise dots will be shown instead (see Fig. 2.15).

If you want to allow other users of the computer to access the Internet using this connection, select the Allow other users to use this connection check box. With this setting disabled, no one but you can use this connection.

The process of creating a connection is completed by clicking the Create button in this window. If everything is done correctly, a message will appear on the screen about the successful creation of the connection.

If you want to set up a high-speed Internet connection, then in the window shown in fig. 2.14, select High Speed ​​(with PPPoE). After that, the same window will open on the screen, as in Fig. 2.15, only it will not have the Dialed number field. Note that in this case, you may need to enter additional parameters in the connection properties setting mode. You can check these settings with your ISP.

To connect to the Internet through the created connection, click on the network icon on the right side of the taskbar (notification area). This will open the menu shown in Fig. 2.16.



Rice. 2.16. Selecting a connection to access the Internet


In this window, you need to select the required connection with a mouse click and click the Connect button. As a result, a window for entering credentials will open on the screen (Fig. 2.17).



Rice. 2.17. Entering credentials to access the Internet


In this window, you need to enter your credentials, and, if necessary, other information, and click the Connect button. After a while, you will be connected to the Internet, and you can start the Internet browser and open web pages.

Sometimes, in the course of work, it becomes necessary to change certain parameters of a previously created Internet connection. Typical examples are changing the phone number through which the connection is made, credentials, etc.

To switch to the mode of viewing and editing connection properties, you need to click the Properties button in the connection window (see Fig. 2.17). You can also right-click the connection icon in the list of connections (see Figure 2.16) and select the Properties command from the context menu that opens. When you perform any of these actions, a window will appear, as shown in Fig. 2.18.



Rice. 2.18. Connection Properties


As you can see in the figure, this window contains several tabs. Each of these tabs contains settings of the same type, similar in purpose and functionality. Consider some of the most popular settings for most users.

The General tab displays the name of the device that connects to the Internet (modem) and general connection settings. The Configure button (it is available for connections via a telephone line) allows you to open the modem configuration mode. At the same time, the Modem Configuration window is displayed on the screen, in which the maximum speed of the modem is determined, and using the corresponding flags, hardware flow control, error handling, and data compression by the modem are enabled/disabled. At the bottom left of this window is the Enable modem speaker checkbox, which is recommended to be checked.

Phone dialing options (they are also displayed only for dial-up connections) include the Phone number field (this number is used to access the Internet), as well as the fields City code and Country or region code, which are available only when the Use dialing rules check box is selected numbers. Using the Other button, you can switch to the setting mode for additional phone numbers that can be used in this connection. At the same time, the Additional phone numbers window shown in fig. 2.19.



Rice. 2.19. Additional phone number setting mode


In this window, using the Add, Edit and Delete buttons, you can add new numbers, edit and remove the current number from the list, respectively. In the mode of adding or changing telephone numbers, you can enter an arbitrary comment from the keyboard.

By setting the appropriate checkboxes, you can enable the connection mode by the next number in case of failure during the initial connection, as well as the mode of transferring a successfully dialed number to the top of the list (the use of these modes makes sense only if the list contains more than one phone number).

On the Parameters tab (see Fig. 2.18) you can configure dialing and redial settings. The highlighted Dialing Options area contains the following checkboxes:

Show connection progress – when this box is checked, the connection process is accompanied by the appearance of information windows on the screen, which sequentially display the connection stages (dialing, registering a computer on the network, etc.);

Prompt for name, password, certificate, etc. – if this box is checked, the system will ask you to confirm the username, password, and other security settings (if any) before connecting;

Include Windows logon domain - if this box is checked, the system will prompt for a domain name before connecting. Checking this checkbox works only when the checkbox Ask for a name, password, certificate, etc. is checked;

Prompt for phone number - if this box is checked, the system will ask you to confirm the phone number before connecting. This option is only displayed for phone connections.

In the window shown in Fig. 2.17, the User and Password options are available because in the connection properties window, on the Options tab, the Prompt for a name, password, certificate, etc. checkbox is selected ... The Domain field is available because the Enable Windows logon domain checkbox is selected in the properties window, and for telephone connections, the Dial field will also be displayed if the Prompt for a phone number check box is selected in the properties window.

The following settings are configured in the selected Recall settings area (see Figure 2.18):

Number of attempts to dial a number - this field indicates the number of attempts to automatically dial a phone number when it is not possible to get through the first time;

Interval between retries - this field specifies the time interval after which the number is redialled. The use of this parameter makes sense when the Number of dialing repetitions field is set to any value other than 0;

Idle time before disconnection - after the period specified in this field, the connection will be terminated if the computer is idle.

If the Call back on disconnection check box is selected, then in case of an unintentional disconnection, the number will be automatically dialed to restore the connection.

Internet browser settings

The Windows 7 operating system comes with the Internet browser Internet Explorer 8. It is installed automatically along with the installation of Windows. To launch Internet Explorer, use the Start > All Programs > Internet Explorer command or the corresponding desktop shortcut. And if almost everyone knows how to use this browser (in fact, there is nothing complicated in this), then many have a vague idea about setting up Internet Explorer.

In this section, we will explain how Internet Explorer is configured.

To go to the Internet Explorer settings, you need to execute the command Tools > Options in the main menu of the program. You can also enter this mode from the Control Panel: to do this, in the Network and Internet category, click on the Internet Options link. When you perform any of these actions, the screen displays the window shown in Fig. 2.20.



Rice. 2.20. Browser Settings, General tab


As you can see in the figure, this window consists of several tabs. Each tab contains settings for the corresponding destination. Next, we will consider those parameters that are most in demand among most users.

On the General tab (see Fig. 2.20), general-purpose settings are configured.

At the top of the tab, the address of the web page that the user has chosen as their home page is indicated. A web home page is a page on the Internet that opens by default every time you start your browser. You can return to this page at any time by executing the main menu command View > Go > Home Page. Pressing the Current button allows you to select the page that is currently open as the home page. The Home button restores as the home page the page that was set during the installation of the Internet browser. If the home page is not needed, then click the Blank button. In this case, when you start the Internet browser, a blank page will open. You can select several home pages at once - in this case, each of them will open in a separate tab. To do this, on the General tab, create a list of pages, separating them by pressing Enter (so that each new address is entered on a new line).

To delete temporary Internet files, the history of visited web pages and other similar information, the Delete button is intended. When pressed, the window shown in Fig. 2.21.



Rice. 2.21. Data deletion setting


In this window, by setting the appropriate checkboxes, you need to mark the data that should be deleted, and click the Delete button. In order not to clutter up your disk space, it is recommended to periodically delete at least temporary Internet files and cookies.

Using the Options button, which is located to the right of the Delete button, you switch to the mode of setting and editing the settings for the folder of temporary Internet files. This opens the Parameters window, which is shown in Fig. 2.22.



Rice. 2.22. Temp Folder Options


Here you select the appropriate mode to check for updated saved pages, display the location of the folder containing temporary Internet files, and indicate the maximum amount of hard disk space allocated for this folder. You can use the Move button to move the Temporary Internet Files folder to a specified location; this will open the Browse Folder window, in which you should specify the required path. To immediately open the Temporary Internet Files folder, use the Show Files button.

In the Number of days to keep pages in the history field, specify the number of days for which links to recently visited pages should be kept (by default, it is suggested to keep them for 20 days).

The Colors button (see Fig. 2.20) switches to the color selection mode for displaying web pages. When you click on this button, a window opens on the screen in which the necessary actions are performed.

Use the Fonts button on the General tab to configure font settings used when displaying web pages, and use the Languages ​​button to select a language. Using the Appearance button, you can switch to the mode for setting the display style of the web page.

On the Security tab (Fig. 2.23), you can configure Internet security settings.



Rice. 2.23. Security Options


The upper part of this tab contains a list of Internet zones accessible from this local computer, the lower part shows the security level for each zone. To do this, select the Internet zone icon and use the Other button to switch to editing the security level for this zone.

If necessary, you can restore the default security settings for each zone. This is done by pressing the Default button (you should first select the icon of the Internet zone for which this operation is performed). To apply the default settings to all zones at once, click the Select a default security level for all zones button.

On the Connections tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.24 contains information about Internet connections available in the system.



Rice. 2.24. Connection details


To establish an Internet connection, click the Install or Add button. As a result, the New Connection Wizard window will open on the screen (a description of how to work in this mode is given above). To delete an existing connection, select it in the list with a mouse click and click the Delete button. The Settings button switches to the mode of viewing and editing the proxy server parameters for the selected connection.

To switch to the local network settings mode, use the Network settings button.

The Advanced tab (Fig. 2.25) contains a number of additional parameters that define some Internet browser modes. In particular, using the appropriate checkboxes, you can turn on / off the display of pictures and their frames, playback of animations, sounds and videos on web pages, use automatic check for Internet Explorer updates, etc. Security settings are placed in a separate section. If necessary, you can restore the default settings offered by the system by clicking the Restore advanced settings button.



Rice. 2.25. Configuring advanced settings for Internet Explorer


All parameters of this tab, depending on their functionality, are divided into groups: Security, International, Multimedia, HTTP 1.1 settings, Overview, Printing and Accessibility. Next, we will look at the most significant parameters that many users have to work with.

The settings of the Security group are intended for configuring advanced security settings.

SSL 2.0, SSL 3.0, and TLS 1.0 – Checking these boxes enables the mode in which confidential information will be sent and received using the SSL 2.0, SSL 3.0, and TLS 1.0 protocols, respectively. In doing so, the following must be taken into account:

¦ The SSL 2.0 protocol is supported by all secure websites.

¦ SSL 3.0 is more secure than SSL 2.0, but some web sites do not support it.

¦ TLS 1.0 is as secure as SSL 3.0 and may not be supported by all web hosts.

Do not save encrypted pages to disk - when this box is checked, the prohibition on saving secret information in the folder with temporary Internet files is enabled. It is useful to set this mode when several users have access to the computer and access to the Internet.

Warn when switching security mode - if this check box is selected, a warning will be displayed on the screen when switching between safe and insecure Internet sites.

Signature verification for downloaded programs - when this box is checked, Internet Explorer turns on the authentication mode for downloaded programs.

Check if the server's certificate has been revoked - when this box is checked, Internet Explorer will check the validity of host certificates on the Internet. Changing this setting does not take effect until you restart Internet Explorer.

Delete all files from the Temporary Internet Files folder when the browser is closed - if this check box is selected, then when Internet Explorer is closed, the Temporary Internet Files folder (this folder is called Temporary Internet Files) will be automatically cleaned.

The Multimedia group includes parameters that determine the order in which multimedia content is displayed on web pages. These options are listed below.

Enable automatic image resizing - using this checkbox, such a mode of displaying web pages is enabled, in which too large images are automatically adjusted to the size of the Internet browser window.

Play animation on web pages – this checkbox is used to enable/disable animation playback on web pages. The need for this parameter (by the way, its change takes effect after restarting Internet Explorer) is due to the fact that some web pages containing animation load very slowly, so sometimes it makes sense to disable its playback.

Play sounds on web pages – using this checkbox you can enable/disable playback of sound files on web pages.

Show images - in order to speed up the loading of web pages, you can disable the display of graphic images by unchecking this box.

Show Picture Frames – If this box is checked, then picture frames will be displayed while loading pictures. This will allow you to get an idea of ​​the location of the elements of the web page before it is fully loaded. Enabling this mode makes sense only when the Show pictures checkbox is checked.

Improved rendering of color shades - when this box is checked, the image smoothing mode is enabled.

The HTTP 1.1 Settings group contains two options. The Use HTTP 1.1 checkbox enables the mode of using the HTTP 1.1 protocol when connecting to web sites, and if the Use HTTP 1.1 through proxy connections check box is selected, then when connecting to web sites through a proxy server, the HTTP 1.1 protocol will be used.

As for the Overview group, here you should pay attention to the parameters listed below.

Enable display styles for buttons and other controls on web pages - if this box is checked, then when displaying web pages, Windows display settings will be applied for design.

Display verbose http error messages - if this box is checked, then in case of errors while connecting to any server, it will display detailed information about the error and how to fix it. Otherwise, only the error code and name are shown.

Use passive FTP protocol (for compatibility with firewalls and DSL modems) – if this box is checked, passive FTP protocol is used, which does not require determination of the computer's IP address. This mode is considered more secure.

Use the same window to load links (if tabs are disabled) - if this box is unchecked, then when you open web pages using links, they will not open in an already open Internet browser window, but in a new one (if the mode of working with tabs).

Allow Third Party Browser Extensions - If this check box is cleared, you will not be able to use third party (non-Microsoft) tools designed for Internet Explorer. Changing the value of this setting does not take effect until Internet Explorer is restarted.

Notify when download is complete - if you check this box, a corresponding message will be displayed on the screen when downloading files is completed.

The Print group includes one option - the Print colors and background patterns check box. If this setting is enabled, then when printing a web page, the background image or background images will also be printed. When enabling this mode, be aware that depending on the printer you are using, print speed and quality may deteriorate.

The last group of options on the Advanced tab is called Accessibility. If the Always expand text for images checkbox is checked in it, then when the Show images checkbox is unchecked (its description is given just above), the size of the picture will increase to display all the text associated with it. If the Move system caret follows focus and selection check box is selected, the system caret will move depending on the change in focus or selection. This parameter is important when using programs that use the system caret to determine the desired area of ​​the screen.

Setting up Windows Media Player

Windows Media Player is included with the Windows operating system. Windows 7 ships with Windows Media Player 12.0. In this section, we will talk about how it is configured, since many users, although they know how to play multimedia files on it, do not know how the program is configured correctly - and after all, the convenience of its operation largely depends on this.

To switch to the Windows Media settings mode, execute the command Tools > Options, which is located in the main menu of the program. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.26.



Rice. 2.26. Player settings, Options tab


As you can see in the figure, the Windows Media Settings window consists of several tabs. These tabs contain parameters of the same type, similar in purpose and functionality. Next, we will consider those of them that are most in demand among most users.

When you open the settings window, by default, the content of the Player tab is displayed, which is shown in fig. 2.26. On this tab, use the Check for updates switch to select the frequency of automatic checks for updates for the player on the Internet. By default, the toggle is set to once a week, but you can choose to allow it to do so once a day or once a month if you wish.

The Settings area of ​​the Player settings contains general settings. If the Show player on top of other windows check box is selected, then if several windows of different applications are open at the same time, the Windows Media window will be displayed in the foreground, on top of all other windows. This is useful when other programs are running in the background.

The capabilities of Windows Media include the use of visualizations. In this case, the visual image is an image moving to the beat of the reproduced audio file. By the way, the main menu command Tools > Load > Visual Images is intended for loading visual images. However, you can also make it so that during the playback of an audio file, not a visual image will be displayed on the screen, but a screen saver that automatically starts when the user has not been active for a certain time. To enable this mode, check the Allow splash screen during playback checkbox.

The program implements the ability to automatically add playable files to the library for future use. To automatically add files on your computer to the library during playback, select the Add playable local media files to library check box, and to add files played from the Internet to the library, select the Add playable remote media files to library check box.

If the Allow auto-hide playback controls check box is selected on the Player tab, then playback controls (rewind, volume control, pause, etc.) will be automatically hidden during playback of multimedia files if there is no user activity. The presence of this option is due to the fact that sometimes when playing video files, these elements interfere with viewing what is displayed in the player window. The controls will reappear on the screen the first time they are active (simply put, to bring them back to the screen, just move the mouse).

Windows Media Player has the ability to copy audio files from a CD to your computer's hard drive, and you can convert these files to another format during the copying process. Copying options are configured on the Ripping music from a CD tab, the contents of which are shown in fig. 2.27.



Rice. 2.27. Setting to copy audio files from a disc


Here, in the settings area Folder for copying music from a CD, specify the directory on the local disk, where the music files should be copied. The default folder for this is C:\Users\Username\Music, but you can choose another directory. To do this, click the Change button located on the right, then in the window that opens, select the required directory by mouse click and click the OK button.

With the File name option, you can create a template based on which the copied files will be named by default. When the button is pressed, the window shown in Fig. 2.28.



Rice. 2.28. Create a file name template


In this window, you need to check the boxes for the information that should be included in the file name. By default, it is proposed to use the track number and the title of the piece of music for this. Using the Up and Down buttons you can change the order of the name elements. In the Separator field, select the separator between the elements of the name from the drop-down list.

At the bottom of the window, the Preview field displays a preview of what the music file name will look like with the current settings. The made settings of the name come into effect after pressing the OK button in this window.

In the Format field (see Fig. 2.27) select the format in which you want to copy files from the drop-down list. You can select one of the options listed below.

WMA. This format is one of the most common, it is proposed to use it by default.

WMA Pro. This format is also very popular. It has a fairly wide range of applications, from high quality multi-channel audio for surround sound systems to efficient low bit rate audio compression for portable devices. Note that this format is not compatible with all devices.

WMA (variable bit rate). Using this format, you can reduce the size of the resulting file, but it takes more time to copy it from the media.

WMA without data loss. Using this format allows you to get the best sound quality, but the file size increases.

MP3. This format predates WMA and is compatible with most multimedia devices.

WAV (lossless). Using this format leads to a significant increase in file size (files are not compressed).

Please note that the format settings you make will be applied to files that will be copied in the future. In other words, Windows Media tools cannot change the format of files already copied from the disk. If you cannot determine which format suits you best, you can save files in different formats and with different quality settings, and then listen to the resulting recordings.

The Sound quality setting is for adjusting the ratio of sound quality and the degree of compression of files when they are copied. Drag the slider to the position that provides the best balance between sound quality and file size. If you find it difficult to determine which value of this parameter should be used, you can save audio tracks in different formats and at different speeds, and then listen to the resulting recordings.

NOTE

If a lossless format is selected in the Format field (for example, lossless WMA or lossless WAV), then you cannot change the playback quality using the slider.

If the Rip CDs automatically check box is selected, the copying of audio files to the local drive will start automatically as soon as the disc is inserted into the drive. If the Eject CD after ripping check box is selected, the disc drive will automatically open when the ripping is complete to eject or change the disc. These two options are useful when you need to copy files from multiple drives.

On the Library tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.29, some settings for using the library are configured.



Rice. 2.29. Player settings, Library tab


Recall that a library is a Windows Media Player element that helps a user interact with media files stored on a computer. With the library, you can quickly and easily find and play media files, and select content to burn to CDs or sync to a portable device.

If the Delete files from the computer when deleting from the library check box is selected in the library settings, then when any file is deleted from the library, it will be automatically deleted from the local disk as well. If this checkbox is unchecked, the file deleted from the library is saved on the local disk. By default, this option is enabled.

The program features provide for automatic playback of a fragment of the recording when you hover the mouse pointer over the header of the corresponding multimedia file (track). To use this feature, on the Library tab, check the box Automatically play a fragment of the composition when you hover over the track header.

All changes to the player settings, regardless of which tab they were made on, take effect only after clicking OK or Apply. The Cancel button exits the setup mode without saving the changes made. All these buttons are available on all tabs of this window.

Customizing the Taskbar and Start Menu

The taskbar and start menu are the most important interface tools in Windows 7. The Start button is located in the lower left corner (its name is displayed as a tooltip when you move the mouse pointer over it), and the taskbar is located along the bottom of the interface by default and contains buttons for open applications , as well as a number of other elements (quick launch bar, notification bar, etc.).

You can customize the look and feel of the Start menu and taskbar to suit your needs, and we'll show you how to do that later.

Customizing the taskbar

To switch to the taskbar customization mode, right-click on it and select the Properties command in the context menu that opens. As a result, the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties window, shown in Fig. 2.30.



Rice. 2.30. Customizing the taskbar


The taskbar is configured on the corresponding tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.30.

If the Lock the taskbar check box is selected on this tab, you will not be able to change the dimensions (in particular, the thickness) or other settings of the taskbar. If this option is disabled, this prohibition is removed, and you can, for example, “stretch” the taskbar up with the mouse, increasing its area. Note that this option can also be turned on and off using the corresponding context menu command called by right-clicking on the taskbar.

The Auto-hide taskbar checkbox turns on the mode in which the taskbar will automatically hide. To see it, you will need to move the mouse pointer to the place where it is usually located (that is, down the interface). This mode is convenient to use, for example, when the contents of a window does not completely fit on the screen, and hiding the taskbar allows you to free up the missing space, as well as in other cases.

The icons of open applications in the taskbar of the Windows 7 operating system are larger by default than, for example, in Windows XP. However, you can return to the usual look of the taskbar - with small icons. To do this, on the Taskbar tab (see Figure 2.30), you need to check the Use small icons box. To re-enable large icons, clear this check box.

As we noted earlier, by default, the taskbar is located along the bottom border of the interface. However, if you wish, you can change its location. To do this, from the drop-down list in the Position of the taskbar on the screen field, select the appropriate option: Bottom, Top, Right or Left. The taskbar will be positioned along the corresponding interface border.

One of the elements of the taskbar is the notification area, which by default is located in the lower right corner of the interface (in particular, the system clock, the layout language icon, etc. are displayed in the notification area). In computer slang, the notification area is called "system tray" or simply "tray". You can customize the notification area yourself, in particular, define the icons that should be displayed in it, as well as specify the conditions under which they will be displayed.

To switch to the notification area customization mode, on the Taskbar tab, click the Customize button. This will display the window shown in Fig. 2.31.




Rice. 2.31. Setting the notification area


Here is a list of icons that can be displayed in the taskbar notification area. For each icon, one of the following display methods is selected from the drop-down list:

Show icon and notifications - the program icon will be displayed in the notification area, and notifications of changes and updates will appear.

Hide icon and notifications - in this case, the icon and notifications will be hidden, and in order to see them, you will need to click on the corresponding arrow (Fig. 2.32).

Show only notifications - in this case, only notifications about changes and updates will be shown, and the icon will be hidden.



Rice. 2.32. Show hidden icons


If you want all icons and notifications to be displayed in the notification area, select the Always show all icons and notifications on the taskbar check box at the bottom of the window. In this case, all drop-down lists of this window will become inaccessible for editing.

You can restore the default icon display mode at any time. To do this, click on the Restore Default Icon Behavior link. Note that this link is available only when the Always show all icons and notifications on the taskbar checkbox is unchecked.

The notification area displays both user-installed application icons and system icons that are placed there by default when the operating system is installed. Such icons are, for example, the system clock icon, the volume icon, the power icon, etc. The display of system icons is configured separately, and to switch to the appropriate mode, click the Turn system icons on or off link (see Fig. 2.31). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.33.




Rice. 2.33. Setting the display of system icons


In this window, for each icon, select On or Off from the drop-down list. To restore the system default icon display mode, click the Restore Default Icon Behavior link.

The icon display setting is completed by pressing the OK button. The Cancel button exits this mode without saving the changes made.

On the Toolbar tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.34, you can select which toolbars should be displayed on the taskbar.



Rice. 2.34. Selecting toolbars to display on the taskbar


Here, by setting the appropriate checkboxes, you need to specify the toolbars that should be included in the taskbar.

Note that you can also control the display of toolbars using the corresponding commands of the context menu (Panels submenu), called by right-clicking on the taskbar.

To make the settings for the taskbar take effect, click the OK or Apply button in this window. To exit this mode without saving the changes made, click the Cancel button.

Start menu customization

The Start menu is configured on the Start Menu tab, the contents of which are shown in fig. 2.35.



Rice. 2.35. Start menu customization


In this window, in the Power button action field, from the drop-down list, select how the computer should react to pressing the power button. The options are: Shut down (this is the default), Change user, Log out, Lock, Restart, Sleep, and Hibernate.

In the Privacy area, by selecting the appropriate checkboxes, you can enable the display mode in the Start menu of recently opened programs and items (the latter setting also applies to the taskbar).

To switch to the mode of more fine-tuning the Start menu, you need to click the Customize button. This will open the window shown in Fig. 2.36.



Rice. 2.36. Tweaking the Start Menu


In the upper part of this window, using the appropriate checkboxes and switches, you can configure the display of the Start menu items. For example, many users who have previously worked with previous versions of Windows are unhappy with the lack of a Run command in the Start menu. To return it to its usual place, you need to check the Run command box (see Fig. 2.36) and click the OK button.

The display of many elements is controlled using a switch that can take one of the following positions.

Do not display this item - in this case, the item will not be displayed as part of the Start menu.

Display as menu - when this option is selected, the content of the element will be a submenu with commands. For example, if you enable this mode for the Computer element, then when it is activated, not a Windows Explorer window will open, but a submenu, each command of which will be designed to select the appropriate disk.

There is no need to give a detailed description of each parameter, since the order of their use is simple and intuitive.

The Show recently used programs in quantity option is available for editing only if on the Start Menu tab (see Figure 2.35) the Store and display a list of recently opened programs in the Start menu check box is selected. The Show most recently used items in jump list option is available for editing only if on the Start Menu tab (see Figure 2.35) the Store and display a list of recently opened items in the Start menu and taskbar check box is selected . In these fields, using the keyboard or using the counter buttons, you specify the number of programs (items) that should be automatically saved and displayed in the Start menu, and for the last parameter, on the taskbar.

You can return to the default Start menu settings at any time. To do this, click the Default Settings button, and then click OK.

To place a program icon on the Start menu, right-click the icon in the Windows Explorer window and select Pin to Start Menu from the context menu that opens.

NOTE

The list of programs that the user adds to the Start menu is displayed on the left side of this menu.

To remove a program icon from the Start menu, right-click on it in the Start menu, and in the context menu that opens, select Remove from this list.

Setting up Windows Explorer

The operating system is supplied with a standard Explorer - a program that allows you to access folders and files stored on your computer. The easiest way to open File Explorer is to use the Start > Computer command or the appropriate desktop icon. Also, the command to open Explorer is available in the submenu Start > All Programs > Accessories.

You can customize Explorer to your liking by choosing how data is presented, how folders and files are displayed, and other options. How to do this will be discussed in this section.

The View menu commands are used to customize the presentation of the information contained in the Explorer window.

The View > Status Bar command is designed to control the display of the status bar, which is located at the bottom of the interface. The status bar displays information depending on the current mode of operation (this may be, for example, the number of objects, etc.).

This is followed by a group of commands (Huge Icons, Large Icons, Regular Icons, Small Icons, List, Table, Tile and Content) designed to customize the display of objects located in the right part of the window.

The commands in the submenu Sort and Group are intended for ordering and grouping objects in the window, respectively.

Using the View > Select Columns command makes sense only if the View > Table command has enabled the appropriate display mode for objects in the Explorer window. When this command is executed, the window shown in Fig. 2.37.



Rice. 2.37. Setting columns for tabular data display


In this window, by setting the appropriate checkboxes, you can select the columns that will be included in the table, as well as set the required order of these columns (the Up and Down buttons are used for this). The set of columns available for display is quite large, so it does not make sense to include them all. Therefore, for each type of object, you should use only the columns that are appropriate for it: for example, for music files, you can display the columns Album and Album Artist, for videos, Date taken and Director, etc.

When working on a local network, you often have to access shared network folders. In Explorer, you can set up a connection to a network folder in such a way that the computer will recognize it as a regular drive (similar to local drives or external storage media - a floppy disk, CD, etc.). For example, if drive A is a floppy disk, drive C is a system drive, drive E is a CD, then the network folder can be drive M, or O, or X, etc., that is, named after any letter alphabet (which, of course, is not yet occupied).

To create such a connection to a network folder, use the Tools > Map Network Drive command. When it is executed, the window shown in Fig. 2.38.




Rice. 2.38. Connecting a disk over a local network


In this window, in the Disk field, from the drop-down list, select the letter of the alphabet, according to which the disk will be named (in Figure 3.4, the network drive Z is connected). The Folder field specifies the path to a network folder that will be connected as a network drive. This field can be filled in using the keyboard, from the drop-down list, or using the Browse button located on the right. Clicking this button will open the Browse Folder window on the screen, in which you can select a network folder.

If necessary, you can connect to a network folder on behalf of another user. To do this, select the Use other credentials check box. In this case, after clicking the Finish button, a window for entering other credentials will open.

To disable a network drive, use the Tools > Disable Network Drive command. When this command is activated, a window opens on the screen in which you need to select the network drive to be disconnected and click the OK button.

The Tools > Folder Options command is used to switch to the folder properties editing mode. In this mode (Fig. 2.39) you can configure the display of folders stored on your computer. In particular, you can control the display of hidden files and folders, enable the mode in which each folder will open in a separate window, etc.



Rice. 2.39. Customizing the Display of Folders in the Windows Explorer Window


Basic settings are made on the General and View tabs. On the General tab, using the Browse folders switch, the required mode for opening a new folder is set. If you select Open folders in the same window, the new folder will open in the same window as the previous one; in this case, to navigate between several open folders, use the Forward and Back buttons, which are located in the toolbar of the folder window. If you need to open a new folder in a separate window, then this switch should be set to Open each folder in a separate window.

Mouse clicks - this switch is designed to select the required mode for selecting and opening folders, files and shortcuts. The options are Open with one click, select with the pointer and Open with double and select with one click (this method is used by default). If you select the first option, you can select the required icon underlining mode: Underline icon labels (in this case, labels under all icons will be underlined) or Underline icon labels on hover (the label under an icon will be underlined only when you move the mouse pointer over it).

You can fine-tune the display of files and folders on the View tab, the contents of which are shown in fig. 2.40.



Rice. 2.40. Fine-tuning the display of files and folders


At the top of this tab, in the dedicated Folder View area, there are two buttons: Apply to Folders and Reset Folder View. When you click the Apply to folders button, the current folder view settings will be applied to all folders on your computer. The Reset Folder View button restores the default folder view settings.

In the Additional options field, using the appropriate checkboxes and switches, more detailed setting display folders, files and shortcuts. A detailed description of these parameters is not necessary, since it is intuitively clear what each parameter is intended for. Here are just a few tips:

It is recommended to select the Show description for folders and desktop items checkbox.

It is recommended that the Show file size information in folder tips check box be checked.

It is recommended to select the Hide protected operating system files check box.

The Hide extensions for known file types check box is recommended.

To quickly return to the system's default folder and file display settings, click the Restore Defaults button. By the way, the same can be done on the General tab using the Restore Defaults button.

In order for the settings to take effect, click the OK or Apply button in this window. The Cancel button exits this mode without saving the changes made.

Setting the system date and time

Information about the current system date and time is displayed by default in the lower right corner of the interface, in the notification area of ​​the taskbar. You can configure its display mode yourself, and we will tell you how to do it in this section.

The initial setting of the date and time is done during the installation of the operating system, but you can edit these values ​​later.

To switch to the date and time setting mode, in the control panel (Start > Control Panel), select the Clock, language and region category and click on the Set date and time link in it. You can do it easier - just click on the date and time icon in the taskbar, and then in the window that appears, click on the link Change date and time settings. As a result, the Date and time window will be displayed on the screen, which is shown in Fig. 2.41.



Rice. 2.41. Window system date and time


To edit the date or time, in this window, on the Date and time tab, click the Change date and time button. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.42.



Rice. 2.42. Date and time editing mode


The choice of the system date is carried out by clicking on the corresponding position of the calendar. To change the month, click on the arrows that are located to the left or right of the name of the current month and year (the left arrow is used to go back, the right arrow to go forward).

As for the time, it can be entered from the keyboard or edited using the counter buttons in a specially designed field.

When you have finished entering the time and date, click OK in this window.

Using the Change time zone button (see Fig. 2.41) you can switch to the mode of changing the current time zone. When this button is pressed, the window shown in Fig. 2.43.




Rice. 2.43. Setting the time zone


In this window, in the Time zone field, select the required time zone from the drop-down list and click OK. Here you can also perform another useful setting, namely, enable automatic changeover to summer and winter time. To do this, check the box Automatically change to daylight saving time and vice versa (note that this box is checked by default).

You can set multiple system clocks for different time zones. This feature is convenient to use, for example, if different company offices are located in different time zones, as well as in other cases. To make the appropriate settings, go to the Additional clock tab in the Date and time window (Fig. 2.44).



Rice. 2.44. Setting additional time zones


In addition to the main ones, you can use two more system clocks. To do this, on the Additional hours tab, select the Show these hours checkbox, and in the Select a time zone from the drop-down list field, select the required value.

Note that the extra hours are not displayed in the taskbar. To see them, you need to move the mouse pointer over the system clock - then the additional clock will be displayed as a tooltip. If you click on the system clock icon, a window will open with all the clocks used in the system (Fig. 2.45).




Rice. 2.45. Using Multiple System Clocks


In this window, the main clock is larger than the sub clock.

Sometimes it happens that for some reason the time of the system clock deviates from real time. To solve this problem, Windows 7 provides a mechanism for automatically synchronizing the system time with a time server on the Internet (note that it was also used in previous versions Windows). In the Date and time window on the Internet Time tab, click the Change settings button - as a result, the window shown in fig. 2.46.




Rice. 2.46. Configuring Time Verification with a Server on the Internet


To enable the automatic time synchronization mode, you need to check the box Synchronize with the Internet time server in this window, then in the Server field, select the appropriate time server from the drop-down list and click the OK button. Using the Update now button, you can immediately synchronize the time with the server specified in the Server field. By default, automatic synchronization is enabled, and time is offered as a time server. windows. com.

System accessibility settings

In Windows 7, as in previous versions of the system, accessibility features for its operation are implemented. Their use is advisable, for example, for people with disabilities (poor vision, limited mobility, etc.); in addition, they can significantly facilitate the work of ordinary users. In this section, we'll take a look at how Windows 7 accessibility settings are configured.

To switch to the accessibility settings mode, select the Accessibility category in the control panel. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.47.




Rice. 2.47. Ease of Access Center Windows 7


This window contains several links to access the appropriate accessibility settings modes.

Replacing audio alerts with visual alerts

You can set up the replacement of audio signals with visual messages. To do this, click on the link Replacing audio signals with visual cues - a window will open on the screen, as in fig. 2.48.




Rice. 2.48. Setting visual cues


Using the Enable visual notifications for sounds (visual notification) checkbox, you can enable the mode in which audio signals will be accompanied by the corresponding visual effect. In this case, a specific effect can be selected using the Select visual alerts switch. You can choose from the following effects:

Flash simulation for window title;

Flash simulation in the active window;

Flash simulation for the entire desktop.

If the Enable subtitles in speech dialog boxes (when possible) checkbox is selected, icons or messages will be displayed instead of sounds.

Adjusting screen settings


Rice. 2.49. Customizing advanced screen features


In this window, using the Select high-contrast theme link, you switch to the theme selection mode. In this mode, you can choose a ready-made high contrast theme that will allow visually impaired users to work on the computer (these themes are in the Basic (simplified) themes and high contrast themes categories), or customize your own contrast theme. For more information on how to set up and select themes, we talked earlier, in the section “Selecting and configuring themes”.

You can make it so that the inclusion of a contrast theme will be carried out by pressing the keys Alt (left) + Shift (left) + Print Screen - to do this, check the appropriate box, which is located immediately below the link Select a high contrast theme (see Fig. 2.49).

If it is difficult for the user to read the text from the monitor screen, then this text can be spoken by the built-in speaker. To do this, select the Enable Narrator checkbox. Please note that a working speaker system is required to use this feature.

Visually impaired people can use a handy tool like a screen magnifier. This will allow them to increase the size of text and images in those parts of the screen to which this magnifying glass is brought with the mouse - by analogy with how an ordinary magnifying glass is used in everyday life. To do this, check the Enable Magnifier box, then click the Change text and icon size link, and then in the window that opens, use the corresponding switch to specify the required magnification level - 125% or 150%.

You can set the cursor thickness yourself - this can also be useful for visually impaired people. To do this, select the appropriate option from the drop-down list in the Set blinking cursor thickness field. This will display a preview of what the cursor will look like with the current settings in the Preview box on the right.

The customizations for advanced screen features take effect after you click OK or Apply. Changes to Magnifier settings take effect after a system restart. To exit this mode without saving changes, click the Cancel button.

To switch to the mode for configuring additional keyboard features, click the Change keyboard settings link (see Figure 2.47). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.50.




Rice. 2.50. Setting advanced keyboard features


You can customize the Sticky Keys mode. It applies to the Alt, Shift, Ctrl, and Windows keys and is enabled by checking the Enable Sticky Keys checkbox; its use allows you to press combinations using the specified keys not by pressing simultaneously, but sequentially. To additionally configure the Sticky Keys settings, use the link Set Sticky Keys - when you click on it, the window shown in Fig. 2.51.




Rice. 2.51. Setting Sticky Keys


The following settings are configured in this window.

Turn on Sticky Keys when you press the Shift key five times - when this box is checked, the Sticky Keys mode is enabled by pressing the Shift key five times.

Enable locking of Ctrl, Shift and Alt keys when double-clicking - checking this box enables a mode in which double-clicking the Ctrl, Shift or Alt keys sets their sticky mode until the next press of the same key.

Disable sticky when pressing two keys at the same time - when this box is checked, sticky is turned off when any of the Ctrl, Shift or Alt keys is pressed simultaneously with another key.

Sound signal when pressing Ctrl, Alt and Shift keys – using this checkbox, the sound signal will be played when pressing, holding and releasing the Ctrl, Shift and Alt keys.

Display the Sticky Keys icon on the taskbar - if this check box is selected, the corresponding icon will be displayed on the taskbar when the Sticky Keys mode is enabled.

You can also configure the input filtering mode, which allows you to ignore accidental repeated keystrokes. To do this, click on the link Input filtering settings (see fig. 2.50) – as a result, the window shown in fig. 2 will be displayed on the screen. 2.52.



Rice. 2.52. Configuring input filtering


This window configures the following options.

Enable input filtering mode on hold right key Shift more than 8 seconds – when this box is checked, the filtering mode is activated by pressing the Shift key (on the right) and holding it for 8 or more seconds.

Enable repeated and accidental keystrokes - when this value is selected, the system ignores repeated keystrokes (for example, if the user accidentally presses the same key several times). Using the link below Setting repeated and slow keystrokes, a window is displayed on the screen in which the required time interval is set, after which the key is considered to be pressed. In the Enter text to check the settings of this window field, you can try out the selected mode.

Enable repeated and slow keystrokes - if this value is set, then the mode of ignoring too fast keystrokes will be enabled. Using the link below Setting repeated and slow keystrokes, a window is displayed on the screen in which the required time interval is set, during which it is necessary to hold down a key in order for it to be considered pressed; the mode of slowing down repetitions is also configured (in this case, you can specify the time delay before the beginning of the repetition of the character and the speed of the repetition). In the Enter text to check the settings of this window field, you can try out the selected mode.

Enter text to check the settings - in this field you can clearly see how the settings will work (for this, several characters must be entered from the keyboard).

Beep when keys are pressed and input is received - if this box is checked, then the system will emit one beep when a key is pressed, and another when a press is registered.

Show input filtering icon on the taskbar – if this box is checked, the corresponding icon will be displayed in the taskbar immediately after filtering mode is enabled.

To switch to the configuration mode for additional mouse features, click the Change mouse settings link (see Fig. 2.47). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.53.




Rice. 2.53. Setting advanced mouse features


In this window, using the appropriate switches located in the Change the color and size of mouse pointers area, you can set the optimal size of the mouse pointer and color (white, black or inverse). By default, it is proposed to use a white regular size indicator.




Rice. 2.54. Additional setting mouse pointer


This window configures the following options.

Enable keyboard pointer control: Left Alt + Left Shift + NUM LOCK – when this box is checked, the mouse pointer control mode from the keyboard is enabled by pressing the key combination Alt (left) + Shift (left) + Num Lock.

Pointer movement speed - in this selected area, using the corresponding sliders, the required modes are set top speed and speeding up the movement of the pointer when controlled from the keyboard. If the checkbox is checked - acceleration, – slowing down movement, then holding down the Ctrl key will speed up the movement of the pointer, and pressing and holding the Shift key will slow it down.

Control the mouse pointer from the keyboard if the key is NUM LOCK - this switch determines the state of the Num Lock key, in which control of the mouse pointer from the keyboard will be used; possible values ​​are On and Off.

Show mouse pointer icon on the taskbar – if this box is checked, the corresponding icon will be displayed in the taskbar immediately after enabling the mouse pointer control mode from the keyboard.

For the settings you have made to take effect, click OK or Apply. To exit this mode without saving changes, click Cancel.

Configuring Other System Settings

In this section, we will tell you how to view and, if necessary, edit a number of important system parameters. At the same time, we will continue our acquaintance with the window for editing the system properties, on which we briefly dwelled earlier (see the section “System properties window” above, Fig. 1.4).

Recall that this window is opened using the Advanced system settings link, which is located in the left part of the system properties window (see Fig. 1.3). If you go to the Advanced tab in the system properties editing window, it will take the form as shown in Fig. 2.55.



Rice. 2.55. System properties editing window, Advanced tab


Here you can configure visual effects, boot and system recovery options, as well as a number of other additional options. We have already talked about how performance tuning is performed earlier (see the “Improving system performance” section above).

Using the Parameters button, which is located in the highlighted User Profiles area, a window with a list of available user profiles is displayed. Using the user profile mechanism allows the operating system to select the correct desktop settings when a user logs on. In most cases, local computer users do not change the settings contained in this window.

The Delete button deletes the profile selected in the list. In this case, the program issues an additional request for confirmation of this operation. The Copy button allows you to quickly make a copy of the current profile.

The highlighted area Boot and restore also contains the Options button, which switches to the mode of editing the boot and restore options of the operating system. The corresponding actions are performed in the Load and Restore window (Fig. 2.56), which opens on the screen when you click this button.



Rice. 2.56. Configuring Boot and System Recovery


In this window, the following parameters are configured:

Operating system loaded by default - if more than one operating system is installed on the computer, then in this field, from the drop-down list, select the one that will be loaded by default.

Display a list of operating systems - if this check box is cleared, then after turning on the computer, the operating system installed by default will immediately boot. When this flag is set, a field becomes available that indicates the time interval in seconds; after this period of time, the operating system selected by default will be loaded. In other words, checking this box allows the user to select an operating system when the computer boots.

Display recovery options - when this box is checked, a field becomes available that indicates the time interval in seconds during which system recovery options will be displayed. These options are offered when the system boots up after an abnormal shutdown (for example, after an emergency shutdown).

Log event to system log – if this checkbox is selected, then if a system error occurs, the corresponding entry will be automatically entered into the system log.

Perform an automatic restart - if this box is checked, then when a system error occurs, Windows 7 will automatically restart.

In the Logging debug information highlighted area, select the type of information that is automatically written by the system when a system error occurs and specify the path to the log file.

Environment variables include settings that contain important system information, such as the name of a hard disk partition, the path to a file or folder, and so on. Environment variables are used by many programs. For example, the TEMP environment variable defines a folder that stores temporary files for various programs.

Environment variables can be either user or system variables. User environment variables can be created, edited, and deleted directly by the user, while system variables can only be created by the administrator.

To switch to the mode of viewing and editing user and system environment variables, use the Environment Variables button, which is located at the bottom of the Advanced tab of the System Properties window (see Fig. 2.55). Clicking this button opens the Environment Variables window shown in Fig. 2.57.



Rice. 2.57. System environment variables


The top part of this window lists user environment variables, the bottom part lists system variables; for each item in the list, its name and value are displayed. Create an environment variable using the Create button, modify it using the Edit button, and delete it using the Delete button. When creating or modifying an environment variable, a window opens on the screen in which its name and value are entered from the keyboard in the appropriate fields.

On the Remote Access tab, the contents of which are shown in Fig. 2.58, the settings for remote use of this computer are being configured.



Rice. 2.58. Setting up remote access


Each user during the operation of the computer has repeatedly encountered the circumstance when, in order to get out of a particular difficult situation, a hint from a more experienced specialist is needed. To solve these problems, Windows 7 introduces the ability to use Remote Assistance; the appropriate mode is enabled by selecting the Allow remote assistance connections to this computer check box. In this case, the Advanced button becomes available, with the help of which the window for configuring the remote assistance settings is displayed. In this window, using the corresponding checkbox, you can enable the remote control mode for this computer (i.e., the remote assistant will be able to control this computer using the mouse and keyboard of your computer), and in the selected area of ​​the Invitation, set the time limit during which the invitation can remain open .

Using a remote assistant is very convenient, for example, for a visual demonstration of the actions and steps that are necessary to complete a particular task (getting out of a difficult situation, etc.).

To successfully use this functionality, the following conditions must be met:

Both users must be running compatible operating systems.

Both users must be connected to the Internet at all times when using Remote Assistance.

Windows 7 features also provide remote control of the desktop of this computer. To enable the corresponding mode, you need to set the switch at the bottom of the tab to any position, except Do not allow connections to this computer. After that, you will be able to work on your computer while being at another computer. The following conditions must be met in order to use remote desktop control mode:

Both computers must be running a compatible operating system.

Both computers must be connected to a local network or the Internet.

User accounts must be configured accordingly and the necessary permissions must be set.

The Select Remote Users button displays the Remote Desktop Users window. This window contains a list of users who can connect to this computer. To add a user to the list, use the Add button - as a result, the Select: Users window will open on the screen, in which user search parameters are configured; found users can then be added to the list of users who can connect to this computer. As search parameters, you must specify the type of object you are looking for (for example, Users), the scope of the search (defining the root location from which you want to start the search), and the name of the object (entered from the keyboard). When entering multiple object names, they must be separated by a semicolon.

To remove a user from the list in the Remote Desktop Users window, select it with a mouse click and click the Remove button.

On the System protection tab (Fig. 2.59), some settings for system recovery are configured.



Rice. 2.59. Configuring System Security


System Restore is a functionality that allows you to prevent the loss of information stored on your computer as a result of failures in the operation of the operating system (such failures can occur, for example, due to a sudden power outage, problems with hardware resources, unskilled user actions, etc.). In more detail, the procedure for restoring the system will be given below, in the corresponding chapter, and here we will consider the procedure for setting up this mechanism.

The Available disks field contains a list of partitions on the hard disk of this computer. Using the Configure button, a window is displayed on the screen in which, using the switch, you can enable or disable the ability to restore the system on the selected disk, as well as determine the size of the disk space intended for system recovery (the size of the disk space is set using the slider).

When System Restore is disabled (both on an individual and on all disks of the computer), a warning is displayed stating that after that all system changes will not be tracked, and it will become impossible to undo changes to the computer configuration. Disabling system restore will occur after a positive response to the corresponding request.

Keep in mind that on the system drive (in most cases, drive C is used as the system drive), disabling system restore is possible only after it is disabled on all other drives.

Language and regional settings are configured during the installation of the operating system, but you can change them later if necessary. The essence of this setting is to adapt the system to the peculiarities of the user's geographical location. In other words, the regional standards for the American and Russian user will be different. Here you can also choose how to switch the keyboard layout.

Configuring regional settings

To switch to the regional settings mode, select the Clock, language and region category in the Control Panel, and click on the Regional and language settings link. As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.60.



Rice. 2.60. Language and Regional Settings


In this window, on the Formats tab, from the drop-down list, the mode of displaying the date, time, currency and number in programs is selected, taking into account regional (national, language) features. At the same time, you can separately select the display format for short and long dates, as well as short and long times.

The Samples area shows examples of how the listed options are displayed at the current settings. Since the description is based on the example of the Russian version of Windows 7, the default format is Russian (Russia).

You can fine-tune the display of the date, time, currency and number - to do this, click the Advanced Options button (see Fig. 2.60). As a result, the window shown in Fig. 2.61.



Rice. 2.61. Fine tuning data display formats


This window consists of four tabs: Numbers, Currency, Time and Date. Let's take a quick look at the contents of each tab.

On the Numbers tab (opened in Fig. 2.61), the following parameters are selected (or entered from the keyboard) in the corresponding fields:

A symbol that separates the integer and fractional parts of a number;

The number of characters displayed in the fractional part of the number;

A symbol that separates groups of digits in the integer part of the number (for example, you can write 1,000,000, or you can write 1.000.000, in this case the separator is a dot);

A way to group numbers (for example, you can write 1,000,000, or you can write 1,000,000);

A sign of a negative number (the minus sign is usually used);

Negative number display format;

A way to display zeros in numbers whose absolute value is less than 1;

List separator;

The system of units.

At the top of the Numbers tab, display samples are shown with these settings.

On the Currency tab, you can configure the currency display format. In the same way as on the Numbers tab, the following fields are filled: Integer and fraction separator, Number of fractional characters, Digit group separator, and Digit grouping by digits. In the fields Positive sums of money and Negative sums of money, the ways of displaying positive and negative amounts, respectively, are indicated (for example, you can write 15.5 rubles, or you can write 15, 5 rubles). The Currency designation field specifies the method of displaying the name (or symbol) of the currency. In the upper part of the window, in the corresponding fields, examples of displaying monetary amounts at the current settings are shown.

On the Time tab, you can configure the system time display format. This specifies the time representation required (for example, hours:minutes:seconds - 15:53:25 or seconds:minutes:hours - 25:53:15, in both cases the time is fifteen hours fifty-three minutes twenty-five seconds); the value of this field is either selected from the drop-down list, or entered from the keyboard (the following designations are accepted in the system: h - hour, m - minute, s - second). If necessary, you can specify the designation of morning and evening time in the corresponding fields: usually, the time before noon is denoted by AM, and in the afternoon by PM, but the system capabilities provide for entering arbitrary values ​​from the keyboard. At the top of this tab, the Sample field shows an example of how the system time is displayed at the current settings.

The system date display format is configured on the Date tab. The corresponding fields specify the full and short formats for displaying the date, as well as the name of the first day of the week (Monday by default).

The contents of the Location tab are shown in fig. 2.62.



Rice. 2.62. Locale settings, Location tab


Here you specify the country for which you want to receive local information (usually information is received through a web browser). The value of this field should be changed only if it differs from the value selected on the Formats tab (see Figure 2.60). For example, if the user lives in Russia, but wants to receive news from Belarus, select Belarus in this field. Please note that the value of this field is taken into account only by some news providers (in particular, MSN).

Configuring Keyboard Layout Switching and Text Input Services

Next, you need to check (and, if necessary, change) the settings for languages ​​and text input services. To switch to the corresponding mode, on the Languages ​​and keyboards tab, click the Change keyboard button - as a result, the window shown in fig. 2.63.



Rice. 2.63. Set up languages ​​and text input services


In the upper part of this window, in the Default input language area, select the language that will be used by default when the computer boots. To add the desired language to the system, click the Add button in this window - as a result, a dialog box will open on the screen, in which the required language is selected by checking the appropriate flag.

You can also choose how to switch between languages ​​(in other words, switch keyboard layouts). To do this, go to the Keyboard Switching tab (Fig. 2.64).



Rice. 2.64. Keyboard Switching tab


The position of the Disable Caps Lock switch determines which key is used to disable this mode: Caps Lock or Shift.

To change the switching between input languages, you must click the Change keyboard shortcut button - as a result, a window will open on the screen, shown in Fig. 2.65.




Rice. 2.65. Change keyboard shortcut


The required method is set using the switch. For the settings you have made to take effect, click OK.

What does *default* settings mean?
PC users often come across the term "default" when describing software settings. It would seem that an understandable term that does not require a “translation” into Russian, nevertheless, upon closer examination, turns out to be incomprehensible. Indeed, what does "default" mean? And is it possible to use the "default" software mode of operation? Let's try to figure this out.

Many modern application programs used on personal computers are multifunctional, have many features, not all of which are used in practice by all PC users.

You can study MS Office applications indefinitely, and each time you will discover new and new opportunities for editing and processing texts (Microsoft Word), spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel), presentations (Microsoft Power Point), etc. The same can be said for any other programs.


The above means that modern software is very redundant in terms of its functions. This redundancy is needed in order to provide PC users with a variety of information processing capabilities. For programmers who create this software that is redundant in terms of its functionality, this means that it is necessary to foresee many options for data processing at the stage of writing programs. And all these options need to be incorporated into application programs, as well as provide convenient opportunities for their use.


The variability of the software is convenient in that the user is provided with many options that are often not used by them. The downside of this coin is that there are a lot of settings that need to be made before using the software. Indeed, if the software allows a lot of things, and the user needs to use only part of the provided opportunities, then you need to somehow indicate to the program what, in fact, the user is interested in in this particular case.


In order to simplify software customization, programmers use the default mode. Let's look at the logic of programmers when they create (or, as they say, write) a program. Programmers proceed from the fact that in each specific case of the program operation, the following 2 options are possible:


  • the program in this particular case can perform only one action,

  • and the program can perform more than one action.

There are usually no other options. Where there is only one action, the programmer programs it. But where there are several actions, the programmer must write the program in such a way that it asks the user questions about what to do at this particular moment, or automatically selects one of the possible options.


In the second case, they say that the programmer has set the program to work in the default mode, i.e. the programmer himself, without the participation of users, determined which of the possible options the program should work in this particular case.



Determining when a program can do one single action and when there can be several such options is quite difficult. Consider this using the example of moving the mouse cursor using the manipulator
"mouse ".
If the user moves the mouse, it would seem that the only possible reaction to this is for the programmer to set the mouse cursor to move around the Windows desktop screen. It seems to be the only action.


But after all, you can move the cursor around the screen at different speeds. One user likes the high speed of moving the mouse cursor across the desktop in response to small movements of the mouse on the real desktop.


It is more convenient for another user if the cursor movement speed is slower, and someone likes to work completely “with a brake”. Accordingly, this movement speed can be adjusted (adjusted) in the mouse settings (for Windows XP, this is regulated: "Start" - "Settings" - "Control Panel" - "Mouse" - "Pointer Options" - "Set the speed of the pointer movement").


But after the first installation of Windows or after the first connection of a new mouse to the USB port of the PC, the cursor of the mesh pointer starts moving at some “average” speed, and the PC user did not specify anything in the settings. This is what is called the "default" settings. That is, programmers have already set up the software to perform certain functions in advance, while there can be a great variety of possible options for performing these functions.


Defaults make things easier for PC users, especially novice users. Defaults allow you to create a friendly interface for software, making the process of using programs convenient and comfortable.


Imagine for a moment what would happen if, in all cases of multiple decision making, the software would ask the user questions? "Do you want to move the mouse cursor to the right? Are you sure about that? With what speed should this movement be carried out? - this is from the area of ​​anti-friendly interface.


But defaults are fraught with problems for users. If the user works with the software solely on the basis of the defaults prepared by the programmer, then in this way the user deliberately restricts himself in the use of many other features embedded in the programs.


For example, when working with the "mouse" manipulator, the user can not only adjust the speed of the cursor, but also adjust the accuracy of the pointer, its appearance, the ability to apply special effects when moving the pointer, adjust the speed of movement by rotating the mouse wheel, change the assignment of mouse buttons, etc.



Not always programmers put defaults in their programs. Sometimes they fail. For example, try to create a new document in the Microsoft Office program (the main menu button is “New”), enter any text (even if it consists of one word) into the new “clean” document, and then try to save this “new” text using the menu "Save" (Main menu button - "Save" or move the mouse cursor to the floppy image and click the left mouse button).

Alas, the document will not be automatically saved, in this case only the “Save As” option will work and the user will be prompted to specify the file name, its location in the file system, the file extension option and other parameters.


Another thing is when the user opens a previously created file using the Microsoft Office program. In this case, after any editing of this file, pressing the floppy disk icon (or the Main menu button - "Save") will save the changes in the same file under the same name that was originally opened.


The above example with the Microsoft Word program shows that default modes can be defined by programmers only where these defaults can be in principle.


If the programmer does not know in advance what the name of the new file created for the first time using Microsoft Word will be called, then he does not set this “by default”, but programs in such a way that the program in this case would necessarily display a question for the user and offer the user to make their own responsible decision.



Novice users should be attentive to the actions of the software in the "default" mode. They need to understand whether the actions of the software are the only possible and do not require any settings, or is it one of possible actions programs that hide various settings and pointers that allow you to expand the capabilities of your PC software.


It can even be said that the differences between advanced PC users and novice users largely consist precisely in understanding the actions of the software in the “default” mode. Novice users often do not understand whether they use all the features of the software to solve their problems using a computer.


And experienced users have studied in detail and learned how to put into practice all kinds of software settings (both application and system), and thus sometimes more effectively use the opportunities provided.


At the same time, I would not like the default modes to be perceived only as a means for novice users. Quite often, “advanced” users use defaults, not all of them constantly configure and reconfigure the software, and not all of them “advance” only due to this.


Settings are good, but besides this, there are many other possibilities: the program menu, icons and buttons for managing programs, the context menu (for example, by pressing the right mouse button), managing programs using the keyboard or using the mouse and keyboard together, etc. P. All this expands the possibilities of using the PC, and "promotes" users from the category of beginners to the category of "advanced".


Now let's look at some examples of defaults used when working with a PC. We have already talked about the mouse. Similarly, you can configure the keyboard, or use the parameters that were set by default.


All other devices connected to a PC or located inside a PC work in exactly the same way - they can work in the "default" mode or they can be configured, as a rule, through the "Control Panel".


Another example. Files in Windows are usually shown as a file name without a file extension. For example, the file name Name.docx will show the name Name, but the extension .docx will be hidden. Each file must have a name, and almost always (though not always) have an extension.


File name extensions are not shown by default on Windows. This is done for the benefit of users. If you change file extensions “like gloves”, then Windows will sooner or later face the problem of opening files, that is, which program can open a file with an extension that is unfamiliar to Windows.


How to change the default settings so that Windows shows file extensions is described:
for Win XP in the article "Changing the file name in Windows",
for Win 7 in the article " Windows 7 Folders and Files".
Based on the file extension, Windows automatically determines the default program designed to process the given file. However, this file can be processed by more than just the default program. Often several programs can be used to process the same file.
It is enough to right-click near the file icon and the context menu will see options, for example, "Open" or "open with ...". The second option allows you to select a program other than the default program to edit the file.

Or another example. To search for information on the Internet, users can use different browsers: from the standard Microsoft Internet Explorer to Google Chrome. The user chooses a browser on his own, if he initially launches it on a PC, and then starts the search.
However, the link to the Internet page may be received by the user by e-mail, or this link may be published in some file on the user's computer. In this case, which of the installed browsers should be used in order to follow this link? And Windows chooses the "default" browser. And these defaults are set through the "Control Panel", or using the settings of the browsers themselves, if these settings allow you to declare the browser as a program for working with Internet pages by default.
The examples of defaults in software are endless, since this approach is a common practice for programmers when writing both application and system software. Programmers are silent about how it is possible to change the course of program execution in each specific case, optimize its execution, improve the interface, increase performance, and so on.
But they do this not in order to “hide” the settings from users, but so that users can work both in the “default” mode and by deliberately changing the software settings.


 
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