Aleshin V.M. Map in orienteering. The procedure for determining the nomenclature of the map sheet Maps of scale 1 10000
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This publication takes into account the proposals of organizations that carry out surveys and use topographic maps. Coordination with Conventional signs for topographic plans scales 1:5000-1:500. Delimited designations for topographic objects, shown in all cases and according to additional requirements of sectors of the national economy
- Replaces the Regulations on the Occupational Safety and Health Management System in the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation Edition 1968
Geodetic points
Settlements and individual buildings
Examples of images of settlements
Industrial, agricultural and socio-cultural facilities
Railways and their facilities
Highways and dirt roads
Examples of combinations of road network symbols
Hydrography
Hydrotechnical and water transport facilities
Water supply facilities
Bridges and crossings
Vegetation
Major agricultural land
Soils and microforms of the earth's surface
Swamps and salt marshes
Examples of combining images of vegetation and soil
Examples of Combining Farmland Images
Borders and fences
Lettering font samples
Sample scales of laying
Scale of colors of inks used for printing topographic map scale 1:10000
Explanations for symbols
List of conditional abbreviations
Alphabetical index of conventional signs
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INTRODUCTION
For the convenience of using maps or plans, a specific appointment system is used.
When mapping large areas of the earth's surface, the map is drawn up on several sheets. Sheet separate card is a trapezoid, the base of which is the segments of the parallels, and the sides are the segments of the meridian. Separate sheets of the map, united by a single system of notation is called nomenclature, and the system of dividing cards into separate sheets is called layout.
According to the International Classification, the lines are based on spherical trapezoids obtained on the surface of a spheroid, when it is divided by meridians through 6˚ into 60 columns. The columns are numbered in Arabic numerals from west to east, starting from the meridian with longitude 180˚ (opposite to Greenwich Mean Time).
The columns are divided into parallels and rows through 4˚ and are denoted capital letters Latin alphabet from the equator.
As a result of such a division, a division unit is obtained, that is, a trapezoid of a million scale.
CALCULATION OF THE NOMENCLATURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE FRAME OF THE SHEETS OF THE MAP SCALE 1:10000
The map sheet contains a point with given values
B=51º48´30´´
L=65º42´15´´
1.1. Based on the latitude and longitude of the point, determine the nomenclature of the map sheet at a scale of 1: 1000000 according to the scheme of the international layout of maps (Fig. 1.1).
Rice. 1.1 Scheme of the international layout of map sheets at a scale of 1:1000000
By the latitude of the point, determine the letter of the Latin alphabet denoting the row, and by the longitude - the number of the column N.
We find the letter of the Latin alphabet denoting the series, according to the formula (1):
Nр= (Bº:4)+1(1)
where Nr- serial number of a letter in the Latin alphabet
Bº- latitude given by condition (only degrees are taken here).
Nр=(51/4)+1=13
Np=13, this number corresponds to the Latin letter M.
Nz \u003d (Lº: 6) + 1(2)
where Nz - six degree zone number
Lº- longitude given by condition (only degrees are taken here)
Nz=(65:6)+1=11
Find the column number using the formula (3):
Nk=Nz+30(3)
where Nk- column number
Nz- zone number
Nc=11+30=41
1.2 Determine the nomenclature of a map sheet at a scale of 1:100,000. To do this, a map sheet at a scale of 1:1000000 must be divided into 144 map sheets at a scale of 1:100000 and calculated by interpolating the latitude and longitude of the separating parallels and meridians.
Interpolation of a map sheet at a scale of 1:1000000 occurs as follows: we find out the difference between northern and southern latitudes and multiply by the number of minutes that are included in one degree, then divide by 12.
(4º*60´)/12=20´,
therefore, the interpolation of the latitude of the map sheet at a scale of 1:1000000 goes every 20 minutes. Similarly, interpolation is done with longitudes of a million scale.
(6º*60´)/12=30´,
interpolation of the longitude of a sheet of a millionth scale map takes place every 30 minutes.
Rice. 1.2 Division of the trapezoid scale 1:1000000
For the example under consideration, the desired nomenclature M-41-12.
1.3 Determine the nomenclature of the map sheet at a scale of 1:10000. To do this, according to the scheme (Figure 1.3), we divide the sheet of the map at a scale of 1: 100000 in sequence according to the scheme:
4 sheets 4 sheets 4 sheets
1:100000 → 1:50000 → 1:25000 → 1:10000
A, B, C, D a, b, c, d 1, 2, 3, 4
Calculate by interpolating the latitude and longitude of the trapezoid frame at a scale of 1:10000 and set the required nomenclature using the given values of latitude and longitude.
After we have interpolated the map sheet at a scale of 1:100000, we proceed to interpolate the sheet for a scale of 1:50000. We draw a separate square of a number 12 and in each corner of the square we sign a geographical coordinate. Then we interpolate it again. According to the latitude of the map sheet, interpolation will take place in 10 minutes, and in longitude after 15 minutes. Figure 1.3 shows that our initial coordinates fall into the square AT. Now we have the desired nomenclature M-41-12-V for scale 1:50000.
1.3 Division of the trapezoid scale 1:100000
Now let's move on to interpolating the map sheet for a scale of 1:25000. In exactly the same steps as described above, we do interpolation. Here it will pass in latitude in 5 minutes, and in longitude in 7 minutes and 30 seconds. In Fig. 1.4, our initial coordinates fall into the square b. Searched nomenclature M-41-12-V-b for scale 1:25000
1.4 Division of the trapezoid scale 1:50000
Now let's move on to interpolating a map sheet at a scale of 1:10000. Draw a square b, where in each of its corners we indicate geographic coordinate. In latitude, interpolation takes place in 2 minutes and 30 seconds, in longitude - 3 minutes and 15 seconds. On fig. 1.5 our original coordinates fall into a square 2.
1.5 Division of the trapezoid scale 1:25000
Searched nomenclature M-41-12-V-b-2 for scale 1:10000.
1.4 Calculate the rectangular coordinates and convergence of the meridians in the Gauss-Kruger projection for the corners of the trapezoid frame on a scale of 1:10000.
First, using special Gauss-Kruger tables, we find the coordinates and convergence of the meridians of the corners of the frame of the trapezoid at a scale of 1:25000, which includes a trapezoid at a scale of 1:10000. The choice of data from the Gauss-Kruger tables is made by latitude B and the deviation of the frame angle from the axial meridian
l=L-Lo (9)
where l is the deviation of the frame angle from the axial meridian
Lo- axial meridian
L - western or eastern longitude of the trapezoid on a scale of 1:25000
lv=65º45´-63º00´00´´=2º45´
lz=65º37´30´´-63º00´00´´=2º37´30´´
Write the found values on the diagram (Fig. 1.6.) When the trapezoid is located to the west of the axial meridian, the ordinates and the convergence of the meridians will have negative values. Then calculate the rectangular coordinates and convergence of the meridians for the corners of the trapezoid frame at a scale of 1:10000 by linear interpolation between the corresponding values for the corners of the trapezoid frame at a scale of 1:25000. Write the results of interpolation on the diagram (Fig. 1.6).
Rice. 1.6 Scheme for calculating the rectangular coordinates of the corners of a trapezoid on a scale of 1:10000.
The found values for the trapezoid scale 1: 10000 enter in the table. 1.1. having previously converted the ordinates (adding 500 km) and indicating the zone number in front.
Table 1.1
1.5 Determine the linear dimensions of the sides of the trapezoid on a scale of 1:10000 in the Gauss-Kruger projection using the Gauss-Kruger tables. Choose the dimensions according to the latitude of the northern and southern sides of the trapezoid, taking into account the corrections for the deviation of the axial meridian lav.
ac-length of the northern frame of the trapezoid = 43.08 cm
ayu-length southern frame trapezoid =43.12 cm
c- length of the sides of the trapezoid = 46.36 cm
D-diagonal trapezoid = 63.27 cm
1.6 Perform a graphical construction of a trapezoid frame at a scale of 1:10000.
On drawing paper in A-1 format, break the coordinate grid (kilometer) grid using the Drobyshev ruler. For a symmetrical arrangement of the trapezium applied later, mark the initial line and the point of the grid being divided, taking into account the dimensions of the trapezoid frame and the coordinates of its corners. Digitize the grid for a scale of 1:10000.
Check the correctness of the mesh construction with a regular ruler, the deviations of the actual mesh sizes from their nominal value should not exceed 0.2 mm.
Draw the corners of the trapezoid frame according to their coordinates with control. Perform control of the construction of the trapezoid frame by measuring all its sides and diagonals with a normal ruler or caliper. The discrepancy between the actual dimensions and their theoretical value should not exceed 0.3 mm.
1.7 Perform marginal design of the applied trapezoid.
Apply a minute frame with a breakdown after 10 seconds. To do this, calculate the linear dimensions of the parts of the minute frame, corresponding to the dimensions in angular measure 1´, 45´´, 30´´, 10´´, taking into account the established linear dimensions of the sides of the trapezoid (Fig. 1.7). Place the obtained values in the table. 1.2
