Map of warfare in Afghanistan
"Dress code number eight - what we have is what we wear" - an army joke that has become an everyday reality in Afghanistan. Uniform uniformity of uniforms, rare for special forces in Afghanistan, was the subject of constant criticism from the higher command.
The combat uniform of the scouts was quite often replenished with items of captured uniforms, shoes and equipment. Judging by the radio interception of "gang groups", even they found it difficult to determine the identity of "some kind of armed people, unlike" Shuravi ". And no wonder, because. only SPETSNAZ units were allowed to conduct combat operations without the obligatory 40 OA body armor and steel helmet (helmet) for all personnel, which the Afghans associate with appearance shuravi. This only privilege of the SPETSNAZ caused even the envy of the rest of the Contingent military personnel.
"Lightweight" was the main field uniform of the OKSV personnel throughout the "Afghan war". Only in the second half of the eighties, it was partially replaced by field uniforms of the “new model”, but it did not fully meet the requirements for the actions of personnel in a hot climate.
Lightweight cotton uniforms for hot areas included a jacket with an open collar and straight-cut trousers. The summer lightweight form of clothing suggested wearing panama and yuft boots with a suit.
Suits of a cut similar to the field uniform of the NATO countries were provided only to units of the Special Forces of the Ministry of Defense and the KGB of the USSR, designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines. In SPETSNAZ, a suit for special forces was called a “jump” (training parachute jumps were made in it) or “sand”. The first name took root in the Union, and the second was more familiar to the "Afghans". The costume was sewn from thin, but dense, sandy or olive-colored cotton fabric, but there were samples of uniforms and ocher colors. In Afghanistan, for SPETSNAZ, sand-colored uniforms were mainly received, which, unfortunately, quickly faded and acquired an almost white color.
The protective mesh suit (KZS) was part of the personal protection kit for military personnel against weapons of mass destruction. KZS consists of a cotton jacket with a hood and wide trousers. It is intended for single use in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances. Due to its excellent breathability, the KLC was very popular among the entire personnel of the Limited Contingent. In the summer, only underwear was worn under the GLC, and in the cold season, he was dressed over other uniforms. The service life of the "one-time" KZS was short, and in the units of the Special Forces there was a constant shortage of this property of the chemical service.
Major V. Goratenkov (right), commander of the 668th Special Forces oo, conducts a review of the readiness of the 2nd company for a combat mission. In the center is a reconnaissance flamethrower in a KZS mesh protective suit. Kabul, spring 1988
Camouflage overalls or camouflage coat has a two-sided color. Thanks to this, one side of the camouflage coat (green) is ideal for operations in the "green", and the other (gray) - in the mountainous desert area. Company tailors in a matter of minutes altered overalls into a suit pair - pants and a jacket. A little later, the domestic military industry will take into account the Afghan experience and start producing camouflage suits instead of overalls. The flimsy fabric of the camouflage coat withstood only a few combat exits, after which the uniform turned into tatters... 
Summer field cotton uniforms of the "new model", or more simply - "experimental", for the personnel of the OKSV in the RA began to arrive in mass quantities from the mid-eighties. For sewing the "experimental" the same khaki cotton fabric was used as in the previous model of the field uniforms of the Soviet army. Due to the many overlays and pockets, the uniform turned out to be too “warm” for the Afghan summer ... The scouts put on the “experimental” fighting only in the cool season, and in summer lighter clothes were preferred to her.
Subsequently, after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, field uniforms of the “new model” will go down in history as “Afghan”. 
The winter cotton jacket and trousers of the “new model” had a detachable insulation. A detachable batting lining made it possible to use this uniform as a demi-season clothing. In some cases, the scouts wore only "insulation", which was due to its low weight and good thermal insulation properties. The lining of trousers, even in winter, was worn only when making a march by landing on armored vehicles or when a group was located for a day. 
Mountain uniforms saved scouts from wind and rain in the autumn-winter period. The set of mountain uniforms, in addition to the climbing suit, included a woolen sweater and a balaclava, as well as mountain boots with high berets and tricones (spikes). A climbing suit, or more simply - a "slide" - was worn over underwear or other uniforms. The “gorka” jacket was worn at night in the mountains even in summer, despite the heat of the day, the nights in Afghanistan are quite cool. For SPETSNAZ, and for the rest of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, it was typical to mix all the available types of uniforms when it came to leaving for combat operations. Everything that was considered practical or was available at the moment was dressed for the "war". 
To perform certain combat missions, spetsnaz scouts sometimes changed into “spiritual” clothes. Elements of the Afghan national dress were especially widely used by scouts when conducting reconnaissance and search operations on foot and on captured "combat" vehicles, as well as during other special events. In multinational military collectives, dark-skinned guys from Central Asia and the Caucasus in national Afghan clothes outwardly did not differ much from Afghans. When establishing eye contact between the reconnaissance group and the enemy, this circumstance allowed the scouts to gain time and forestall the Mujahideen in action. 
“Old”, model already in 1954, but a comfortable backpack of a paratrooper is the main item of combat equipment of the Special Forces to this day. In the compact RD-54 and outside it (with the help of tie-downs) most of the property needed by the reconnaissance officer for combat operations was located. When the capacity of the RD-54 was not enough to accommodate all the necessary equipment, the scouts used alpine (from the mountain equipment), tourist or various trophy backpacks. Very often, scouts sewed additional pockets to the “erdeshka”, but cut off (as unnecessary) a bag for grenades and magazines. 
The combat equipment of intelligence officers in Afghanistan necessarily included a cape, and, if possible, sleeping bag. All conscripts were provided with raincoats, and there was a mistake with sleeping bags ... Army wadded sleeping bags were so heavy and voluminous that the question of their use by scouts was not even considered. At best, domestic sleeping bags were used by the personnel of the armored group. In the mountains and the desert, scouts preferred captured synthetic winterizer or foam sleeping bags. For the most part, these were civilian sleeping bags that came to Pakistan for Afghan refugees, but were found only among the Mujahideen. In addition to the mentioned sleeping bags, the "spirits" and, accordingly, the SPETSNAZ were much less likely to meet army English or other imported downy sleeping bags. 
The 7.62 mm AKMS and AKMSL assault rifles (with a strap for attaching a night sight) were more popular in SPETSNAZ than 5.45 mm assault rifles. The reason for this was the better stopping effect of the 7.62-mm bullet and the fact that the main small arms of the Mujahideen was the 7.62-mm Chinese model of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. With the relative autonomy of the actions of the reconnaissance agencies of SPETSNAZ, the presence of the same type of ammunition in the enemy allowed the scouts to use during the battle captured from the enemy
7.62-mm cartridges (Chinese, Egyptian, etc.). The scouts were also impressed by the possibility of replenishing the ammunition load of their machine gun with captured cartridges with "explosive" bullets (armor-piercing incendiary), since Soviet troops in Afghanistan used similar domestic cartridges due to considerations "humanity"(?!) were practically not supplied. A serious argument in favor of the choice of scouts
The 7.62-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle was the presence of a silent and flameless firing device PBS-1 for it.
The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle was the most mass weapons units of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. The SPETSNAZ were armed with the AKS-74, AKS-74N (with a strap for attaching a night sight) and AKS-74U (shortened) assault rifles. The 5.45-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle favorably differed from its 7.62-mm predecessor in the number of ammunition carried by the scout with their equal weight, better accuracy of fire and other ballistic characteristics. Unfortunately, the AKS-74 has less stopping power than the good old AKM, which is of no small importance in close combat. 
Knives as a military weapon were practically not used by SPETSNAZ. The only exceptions were those episodes when scouts silently eliminated the enemy, and several cases of hand-to-hand combat with the Mujahideen. But it was impossible to do without a knife in combat life and everyday activities. Scouts used automatic bayonet knives, HP reconnaissance knives, HA-43 army knives, Afghan combat daggers and utility knives, as well as various models of penknives and tourist folding knives.
Knives were used for cutting packs from a destroyed caravan, minor repairs of weapons and equipment, opening canned food, cutting bread and vegetables, butchering animals and cleaning fish, as well as for other purposes.
DRY RATIONS
In the PAP of units in Afghanistan, all military personnel were provided with three hot meals a day, and dry rations for the period of combat missions. Dry rations "Standard No. 5" were intended for the military personnel of the SPECIAL FORCE units. For operations in the highlands during the stay of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, the production and supply of troops with high-calorie mountain rations - summer and winter - was established. In the summer heat, scouts often left part of the dry rations in the barracks, and in winter they also took additional food: bread, canned fish and meat, condensed milk and other products that they received in a warehouse, bought in a store or got by others, to one fighter known ways. Sometimes the monotonous soldier's diet was supplemented by local products: fresh meat, fish, vegetables and fruits; various oriental sweets and spices. 
Afghanistan is a country in the Middle East. satellite map Afghanistan shows that the country is bordered by Iran, China, Pakistan, India, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. The area of the country is 652,864 sq. km. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains and valleys.
The state is divided into 34 provinces. The largest cities in Afghanistan are Kabul (the capital), Herat, Kandahar, Mazar-i-Sharif and Jalalabad. The national languages are Pashto and Dari. The national currency is the afghani.
Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world. The country has huge reserves of minerals, but their extraction is not developed. The economy of the state is based on agriculture. One of the main branches of agriculture is the cultivation of opium: the country is considered one of the largest drug exporters in the world.
Landscapes of Afghanistan
A Brief History of Afghanistan
6th century BC. - Afghanistan became part of the Persian Empire
IV-II century. BC. - was part of the empire of Alexander the Great, the state of the Selevicids and the Greco-Bactrian kingdom
VI century - Afghanistan conquered by the Arabs, the spread of Islam
XVIII century - Afghanistan is part of the Persian Empire, the emergence of the first independent Afghan principalities
The beginning of the 20th century - " Big game» between the Russian and British empires for the territory of Afghanistan.
1919 - the country gains independence from Great Britain
1919-1973 – Kingdom of Afghanistan
1973 - coup d'état and formation of the republic
1978 - revolution, formation of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
1978-present Time - Civil War, Taliban, drug production boom
2001 - the fall of the Taliban regime, the formation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
War in Afghanistan
Landmarks of Afghanistan
On the detailed map Afghanistan from a satellite, you can see some of the sights: Mount Noshak (7492 m), the Paropamiz and Hindu Kush mountain systems, the Amudarya, Harirud and Helmand rivers, the Khamun lake group.
On the territory of Afghanistan, architectural monuments of different historical periods have been preserved. The round temple of Dashla, the sanctuary in Kandahar and the ancient settlement of Altyn Tapa in Balkh belong to the pagan period. From the monuments of the Buddhist period, the temple in Ghazni, the Khazar Sum cave complex, the monasteries of Bamiyan and Kunduz have been preserved.
Bamiyan Valley (cave monastery)
The monuments of the Islamic period include the Blue Mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, cathedral mosques in Kabul and Herat, tombs and mausoleums in Herat and Kandahar. The Jam Minaret is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Among the attractions of Afghanistan, it is worth highlighting the gardens of Babur and the Kabul Museum in Kabul.
Note to the tourist
Gulrypsh - holiday destination for celebrities
There is an urban-type settlement Gulrypsh on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, the appearance of which is closely connected with the name of the Russian philanthropist Nikolai Nikolaevich Smetsky. In 1989, due to the illness of his wife, they needed to change the climate. Case decided the case.For almost 10 years - from December 1979 to February 1989, military operations took place on the territory of the Republic of Afghanistan, called the Afghan war, but in fact it was one of the periods civil war, which has been shaking this state for more than a decade. On the one hand, pro-government forces (the Afghan army) fought, supported by a limited contingent of Soviet troops, and they were opposed by quite numerous formations of armed Afghan Muslims (mujahideen), who were provided with significant material support by NATO forces and most countries of the Muslim world. It turned out that the interests of two opposing political systems once again clashed on the territory of Afghanistan: one sought to support the pro-communist regime in this country, while others preferred the Afghan society to follow the Islamist path of development. Simply put, there was a struggle to establish absolute control over the territory of this Asian state.
Over the course of all 10 years, the permanent Soviet military contingent in Afghanistan numbered about 100 thousand soldiers and officers, and in total more than half a million Soviet military personnel passed through the Afghan war. And this war cost the Soviet Union about 75 billion dollars. In turn, the West provided financial assistance to the Mujahideen for 8.5 billion dollars.
Causes of the Afghan War
Central Asia, where the Republic of Afghanistan is located, has always been one of the key regions where for several centuries the interests of many of the strongest world powers have intersected. So in the 80s of the last century, the interests of the USSR and the USA clashed there.
When, back in 1919, Afghanistan gained independence and freed itself from British colonization, the first country to recognize this independence was the young Soviet country. All subsequent years, the USSR provided its southern neighbor with tangible material assistance and support, and Afghanistan, in turn, remained loyal in the most important political issues.
And when, as a result of the April Revolution of 1978, supporters of the ideas of socialism came to power in this Asian country and proclaimed Afghanistan a democratic republic, the opposition (radical Islamists) declared a holy war on the newly created government. Under the pretext of providing international assistance to the fraternal Afghan people and to protect its southern borders, the leadership of the USSR decided to send its military contingent to the territory of the neighboring country, especially since the government of Afghanistan has repeatedly turned to the USSR with requests for military assistance. In fact, everything was a little different: the leadership of the Soviet Union could not allow this country to leave its sphere of influence, since the coming to power of the Afghan opposition could lead to the strengthening of the US position in this region, located very close to Soviet territory. That is, it was at this time that Afghanistan became the place where the interests of the two "superpowers" collided, and their interference in the country's domestic politics became the cause of the 10-year Afghan war.
The course of the war
On December 12, 1979, members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, without the consent of the Supreme Council, finally decided to provide international assistance to the fraternal people of Afghanistan. And already on December 25, units of the 40th Army began to cross the Amu Darya River to the territory of a neighboring state.
During the Afghan war, 4 periods can be conditionally distinguished:
- I period - from December 1979 to February 1980. A limited contingent was introduced into Afghanistan, which was placed in garrisons. Their task was to control the situation in major cities, protection and defense of the places of deployment of military units. During this period, no military operations were carried out, but as a result of shelling and attacks by the Mujahideen, the Soviet units suffered losses. So in 1980, 1,500 people died.
- II period - from March 1980 to April 1985. Conducting active hostilities and major military operations together with the forces of the Afghan army throughout the state. It was during this period that the Soviet military contingent suffered significant losses: in 1982, about 2,000 people died, in 1985 - more than 2,300. At this time, the Afghan opposition moved its main armed forces to mountainous areas, where it was difficult to use modern motorized equipment. The rebels switched to maneuvering in small detachments, which made it impossible to use aviation and artillery to destroy them. To defeat the enemy, it was necessary to eliminate the base areas of concentration of the Mujahideen. In 1980, a major operation was carried out in Panjshir; in December 1981, the rebels' base point was defeated in the province of Jowzjan; in June 1982, Panjshir was taken as a result of hostilities with a mass landing. In the Nijrab Gorge in April 1983, opposition detachments were defeated.
- III period - from May 1985 to December 1986. The active hostilities of the Soviet contingent are declining, military operations are more often carried out by the forces of the Afghan army, which received significant support from aviation and artillery. The delivery of weapons and ammunition from abroad for arming the Mujahideen was stopped. 6 tank, motorized rifle and anti-aircraft regiments were returned to the USSR.
- IV period - from January 1987 to February 1989.
The leadership of Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the support of the UN, began preparations for a peaceful settlement of the situation in the country. Some Soviet units, together with the Afghan army, are conducting operations to defeat militant bases in the provinces of Logar, Nangarhar, Kabul and Kandahar. This period ended on February 15, 1988 with the withdrawal of all Soviet military units from Afghanistan.
The results of the Afghan war
During the 10 years of this war in Afghanistan, almost 15 thousand Soviet soldiers died, more than 6 thousand remained disabled, and about 200 people are still considered missing.
Three years after the departure of the Soviet military contingent, radical Islamists came to power in the country, and in 1992 Afghanistan was proclaimed an Islamic state. But peace and tranquility in the country did not come.
Soviet war in Afghanistan e lasted 9 years 1 month and 18 days.
The date: 979-1989
Place: Afghanistan
Outcome: The overthrow of H. Amin, the withdrawal of Soviet troops
Enemies: USSR, DRA against - Afghan Mujahideen, Foreign Mujahideen
With the support of : Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, USA, UK, Iran
Side forces
USSR: 80-104 thousand military personnel
DRA: 50-130 thousand military personnel According to the NVO, no more than 300 thousand
From 25 thousand (1980) to more than 140 thousand (1988)
Afghan war 1979-1989 - a prolonged political and armed confrontation between the parties: the ruling pro-Soviet regime of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) with the military support of the Limited Contingent of Soviet Forces in Afghanistan (OKSVA) - on the one hand, and the Mujahideen ("dushmans"), with a part of the Afghan society sympathizing with them, with political and financial support foreign countries and a number of states of the Islamic world - on the other.
The decision to send troops of the USSR Armed Forces to Afghanistan was made on December 12, 1979 at a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, in accordance with the secret resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU No. friendly regime in Afghanistan. The decision was made by a narrow circle of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (Yu. V. Andropov, D. F. Ustinov, A. A. Gromyko and L. I. Brezhnev).
To achieve these goals, the USSR sent a group of troops into Afghanistan, and a detachment of special forces from among the emerging special unit of the KGB "Vympel" killed the incumbent President H. Amin and everyone who was with him in the palace. By decision of Moscow, the protege of the USSR, the former Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Afghanistan in Prague, B. Karmal, became the new leader of Afghanistan, whose regime received significant and versatile - military, financial and humanitarian - support from the Soviet Union.
Chronology of the Soviet war in Afghanistan
1979
December 25 - Columns of the Soviet 40th Army cross the Afghan border on a pontoon bridge across the Amu Darya River. H. Amin expressed gratitude to the Soviet leadership and ordered the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the DRA to assist the troops being brought in.
1980
January 10-11 - an attempt at an anti-government rebellion by artillery regiments of the 20th Afghan division in Kabul. During the battle, about 100 rebels were killed; Soviet troops lost two killed and two more were wounded.
February 23 - tragedy in the tunnel at the Salang pass. During the movement of oncoming columns in the middle of the tunnel, a collision occurred, a traffic jam formed. As a result, 16 Soviet servicemen suffocated.
March - the first major offensive operation of the OKSV units against the Mujahideen - the Kunar Offensive.
April 20-24 - Massive anti-government demonstrations in Kabul are dispersed by low-flying jets.
April - The US Congress authorizes $15 million in "direct and open assistance" to the Afghan opposition. The first military operation in Panjshir.
June 19 - decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the withdrawal of some tank, missile and anti-aircraft missile units from Afghanistan.
1981
September - fighting in the Lurkoh mountain range in the province of Farah; the death of Major General Khakhalov.
October 29 - the introduction of the second "Muslim battalion" (177 OSSN) under the command of Major Kerimbaev ("Kara Major").
December - the defeat of the base point of the opposition in the Darzab region (Dzauzjan province).
1982
November 3 - Tragedy at the Salang pass. More than 176 people died as a result of the explosion of a fuel tanker. (Already during the years of the civil war between the Northern Alliance and the Taliban, Salang became a natural barrier and in 1997 the tunnel was blown up on the orders of Ahmad Shah Massoud to prevent the Taliban from advancing to the north. In 2002, after the unification of the country, the tunnel was reopened).
November 15 - meeting of Y. Andropov and Ziyaul-Khak in Moscow. The Secretary General had a private conversation with the Pakistani leader, during which he informed him about the "new flexible policy of the Soviet side and understanding of the need for a speedy resolution of the crisis." The meeting also discussed the question of the expediency of the war and the presence of Soviet troops in Afghanistan and the prospects for the participation of the Soviet Union in the war. In exchange for the withdrawal of troops from Pakistan, it was required to refuse assistance to the rebels.
1983
January 2 - in Mazar-i-Sharif, dushmans abducted a group of Soviet civilian specialists numbering 16 people. They were released only a month later, while six of them died.
February 2 - The village of Vakhshak in northern Afghanistan was destroyed by bombs in retaliation for the hostage-taking in Mazar-i-Sharif.
March 28 - meeting of the UN delegation headed by Perez de Cuellar and D. Cordoves with Y. Andropov. He thanks the UN for "understanding the problem" and assures the mediators that he is ready to take "certain steps", but doubts that Pakistan and the US will support the UN proposal regarding their non-intervention in the conflict.
April - an operation to defeat opposition groups in the Nijrab Gorge, Kapisa province. Soviet units lost 14 people killed and 63 wounded.
May 19 - Soviet Ambassador to Pakistan V. Smirnov officially confirmed the desire of the USSR and Afghanistan "to set a date for the withdrawal of the contingent of Soviet troops."
July - Dushman offensive on Khost. An attempt to blockade the city was unsuccessful.
August - the hard work of D. Cordoves' mission to prepare agreements on a peaceful settlement of the war in Afghanistan is almost completed: an 8-month program for the withdrawal of troops from the country has been developed, but after Andropov's illness, the issue of the conflict was removed from the agenda of Politburo meetings. Now it was only about "dialogue with the UN".
Winter - hostilities intensified in the Sarobi region and the Jalalabad valley (the reports most often mention the province of Laghman). For the first time, armed opposition detachments remain on the territory of Afghanistan for the entire winter period. The creation of fortified areas and resistance bases directly in the country began.
1984
January 16 - Dushmans shot down a Su-25 aircraft from the Strela-2M MANPADS. This is the first case of successful use of MANPADS in Afghanistan.
April 30 - During a major operation in the Panjshir Gorge, the 1st Battalion of the 682nd Motorized Rifle Regiment was ambushed and suffered heavy losses.
October - over Kabul from the Strela MANPADS, dushmans shoot down an Il-76 transport aircraft.
1985
April 26 - Soviet and Afghan prisoners of war revolt in the Badaber prison in Pakistan.
June - army operation in Panjshir.
Summer is a new course of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU for a political solution to the "Afghan problem".
Autumn - The functions of the 40th Army are reduced to covering the southern borders of the USSR, for which new motorized rifle units are involved. The creation of basic base areas in hard-to-reach places of the country has begun.
1986
February - at the XXVII Congress of the CPSU, M. Gorbachev makes a statement about the beginning of the development of a plan for a phased withdrawal of troops.
March - the decision of the R. Reagan administration to start deliveries to Afghanistan to support the Mujahiddins with the Stinger ground-to-air MANPADS, which makes the combat aviation of the 40th Army vulnerable to ground attack.
April 4-20 - an operation to defeat the Javar base: a major defeat for the dushmans. Unsuccessful attempts by Ismail Khan's detachments to break through the "security zone" around Herat.
May 4 - at the XVIII Plenum of the Central Committee of the PDPA, instead of B. Karmal, M. Najibullah, who previously headed the Afghan counterintelligence service KhAD, was elected to the post of Secretary General. The plenum proclaimed the policy of solving the problems of Afghanistan by political means.
July 28 - M. Gorbachev defiantly announced the imminent withdrawal of six regiments of the 40th Army from Afghanistan (about 7 thousand people). The withdrawal date will be rescheduled at a later date. In Moscow, there are disputes about whether to withdraw troops completely.
August - Massoud defeated the base of government troops in Farkhar, Takhar province.
Autumn - Major Belov's reconnaissance group from the 173rd detachment of the 16th special forces brigade captures the first batch of three Stinger portable anti-aircraft missile systems in the Kandahar region.
October 15-31 - tank, motorized rifle, anti-aircraft regiments were withdrawn from Shindand, motorized rifle and anti-aircraft regiments were withdrawn from Kunduz, and anti-aircraft regiments were withdrawn from Kabul.
November 13 - The Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU sets the task of withdrawing all troops from Afghanistan within two years.
December — an emergency plenum of the Central Committee of the PDPA proclaims a course towards a policy of national reconciliation and advocates an early end to the fratricidal war.
1987
January 2 - An operational group of the USSR Ministry of Defense headed by First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces General of the Army V. I. Varennikov was sent to Kabul.
February - Operation "Strike" in the province of Kunduz.
February-March - Operation Flurry in Kandahar province.
March - Operation Thunderstorm in the province of Ghazni. Operation Circle in the provinces of Kabul and Logar.
May - operation "Volley" in the provinces of Logar, Paktia, Kabul. Operation "South-87" in the province of Kandahar.
Spring - Soviet troops begin to use the Barrier system to cover the eastern and southeastern sections of the border.
1988
Soviet spetsnaz group preparing for operation in Afghanistan
April 14 - Through the mediation of the UN in Switzerland, the Foreign Ministers of Afghanistan and Pakistan signed the Geneva Agreements on a political settlement of the situation around the situation in the DRA. The USSR and the USA became the guarantors of the agreements. The Soviet Union undertook to withdraw its contingent within 9 months, starting on May 15; The US and Pakistan, for their part, had to stop supporting the Mujahideen.
June 24 - Opposition detachments captured the center of the province of Wardak - the city of Maidanshahr.
1989
February 15 - Soviet troops are completely withdrawn from Afghanistan. The withdrawal of the troops of the 40th Army was led by the last commander of the Limited Contingent, Lieutenant-General B.V. Gromov, who, allegedly, was the last to cross the border river Amu-Darya (the city of Termez).
War in Afghanistan - results
Colonel General Gromov, the last commander of the 40th Army (led the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan), in his book "Limited Contingent" expressed this opinion regarding the victory or defeat of the Soviet Army in the war in Afghanistan:
I am deeply convinced that there is no basis for asserting that the 40th Army was defeated, nor that we won a military victory in Afghanistan. At the end of 1979, Soviet troops entered the country without hindrance, completed their tasks, unlike the Americans in Vietnam, and returned to their homeland in an organized manner. If we consider armed opposition detachments as the main enemy of the Limited Contingent, then the difference between us lies in the fact that the 40th Army did what it considered necessary, and the dushmans only what they could. 
The 40th Army had several main tasks. First of all, we had to assist the government of Afghanistan in resolving the internal political situation. Basically, this assistance consisted in the fight against armed opposition groups. In addition, the presence of a significant military contingent in Afghanistan was supposed to prevent aggression from outside. These tasks were fully completed by the personnel of the 40th Army.
The Mujahideen, before the start of the withdrawal of OKSVA in May 1988, never managed to carry out a single major operation and failed to occupy a single large city.
Military casualties in Afghanistan
USSR: 15,031 dead, 53,753 wounded, 417 missing
1979 - 86 people
1980 - 1,484 people
1981 - 1,298 people
1982 - 1,948 people
1983 - 1,448 people
1984 - 2,343 people
1985 - 1,868 people
1986 - 1,333 people
1987 - 1,215 people
1988 - 759 people
1989 - 53 people
By rank:
Generals, officers: 2,129
Ensigns: 632
Sergeants and soldiers: 11,549
Workers and employees: 139
Out of 11,294 people 10,751 people discharged from military service for health reasons remained disabled, of which - 1st group - 672, 2nd group - 4216, 3rd group - 5863 people
Afghan Mujahideen: 56,000-90,000 (civilians from 600 thousand to 2 million people)
Losses in technology
According to official data, there were 147 tanks, 1314 armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers), 510 engineering vehicles, 11,369 trucks and fuel trucks, 433 artillery systems, 118 aircraft, 333 helicopters. At the same time, these figures were not specified in any way - in particular, no information was published on the number of combat and non-combat losses of aviation, on the losses of aircraft and helicopters by type, etc.
Economic losses of the USSR
About 800 million US dollars were spent annually from the USSR budget to support the Kabul government.
Afghanistan is a poor state, torn apart by internal contradictions and strife for many centuries. One of the branches of the Great Silk Road passed through the country
👁 Before we start... where to book a hotel? In the world, not only Booking exists (🙈 for a high percentage of hotels - we pay!). I have been using Rumguru for a long time
skyscanner
👁 And finally, the main thing. How to go on a trip, perfect without bothering? The answer is in the search form below! Buy . This is such a thing that includes flights, accommodation, meals and a bunch of other goodies for good money 💰💰 The form is below!.
The Islamic State of Afghanistan is located in the central part of Asia.
Administratively, the country consists of 34 provinces (vilayats).
largest city a: Kabul, Kandahar, Herat.
Capital of Afghanistan the city of Kabul.
Borders and area of Afghanistan
Land borders with India, Iran, Pakistan, China, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
Afghanistan covers an area of 647,500 square kilometers.
Afghanistan map
Timezone
Population of Afghanistan
29,117,000 people.
Language
The official languages are Pashto and Dari.
Religion
Afghanistan is an Islamic republic. About 80% of the population are Sunnis, 19% are Shiites. Other religions - 1%.
Finance
Official currency unit- Afghani.
Medical care and insurance
The level of medicine in Afghanistan is one of the worst in the world.
Mains voltage
220 volt. Frequency 50 Hz.
International dialing code of Afghanistan
👁 Do we always book a hotel on Booking? In the world, not only Booking exists (🙈 for a high percentage of hotels - we pay!). I have been using Rumguru for a long time, it is really more profitable 💰💰 Booking.
👁 And for tickets - in air sales, as an option. It has been known about him for a long time. But there is a better search engine - skyscanner - more flights, lower prices! 🔥🔥.
👁 And finally, the main thing. How to go on a trip, perfect without bothering? Buy . This is such a thing, which includes flights, accommodation, meals and a bunch of other goodies for good money 💰💰.
