How to learn chess. Brief rules of chess. If you can do it yourself - teach someone else, if you don't know how - turn to someone who knows
Great moment, friends, to learn about chess: the rules of the game for beginners. Greetings to all. Dear guests and subscribers of my blog. From this article you will learn the tricks (rules) for playing chess, if you don’t follow them, you risk losing “in no time”, and you will also briefly learn how different pieces move and what features they have. Let's put it this way, this is the “base” that everyone who wants to not only play chess, but also win should know.
chess rules
The rules of chess in the form that we observe now were formed about two centuries ago. Prior to this, the rules were constantly changing. Moreover, they differed in different parts light, and it can be said that the Middle Eastern countries played by their own rules, and the European ones by their own. But let's move on to the very rules of the game, although they can safely be considered unspoken.
Protection
First of all, it is important for beginners to think about protecting their own pieces. Don't give them up just like that or with an unequal exchange: it would be foolish to capture a pawn with a knight, which you later lost because of this move. The maximum that you can go for is an equivalent exchange (knight-knight, rook-rook, bishop-bishop, or knight-bishop) or an exchange with an advantage - this is when you take a strong enemy piece with a weaker one, which you also lose. From all this follows the following rule.
Secondly, do not leave the figures alone. At least not for long. The queen, for example, can take care of itself, but it can also be easily “cornered”, surrounded and taken away: it cannot jump over pieces like a knight. That is why you need to cover your pieces with other pieces, even pawns.
If your piece is taken away, provided that it is covered, you can minimize the damage done to you, or even reduce it to zero: the covering piece will beat the opponent. A simple example: doubled pawns standing one next to the other (shoulder to shoulder). This order of these figures indicates the insecurity of both. And if you place them diagonally from each other (for example, two white squares), then the front pawn will be protected by the back - already something.
Further, you should always think about why your opponent went this way and not otherwise, and what he can get out of it. Take countermeasures accordingly. From this it follows that you always need to calculate the moves towards your king. Cover him, take him away if necessary. Having lost one piece, you can still continue the fight and defeat the enemy, but checkmate to your king is your final loss.
Learning to calculate the moves of the enemy at the same time as building your own plan (or plans) is a must.
Attack
A thoughtless attack is fraught with the loss of pieces. Therefore, create a plan to checkmate or eliminate strong pieces. At least some simple one is already a plan. As you play more and more, you will learn how to create a plan of action for many moves ahead.
Is the plan very simple? Then aim to capture or control (under the guns of your pieces) the center of the board. This in itself will bring you benefits, even if you do not fully understand them. The fact is that the range of moves of any piece (with the exception of pawns, which, in fact, are not pieces - they are called so for ease of understanding) increases in the center compared to the edge of the board, and even more so the corner.
Get your rooks out (at least one) at the beginning of the game, while there is no clear threat to your king yet. The rook is a strong piece that can successfully support an attack or fill gaps in your defense. She will not be able to do this if she is in her original position. The maximum for which you can save (not withdraw) one rook is for castling, which is present in your plan.
tricks
When I started playing chess, I first fell for the so-called "baby mate" or mate in four moves, having learned only how the pieces should stand on the board and how to move them. You see, I neglected the basic rules and tactics. Have you fallen for this trick? Write in the comments.
How to avoid this can be easily found on the Web - there is a lot of information. Let me just say that one pawn placed in the way of the queen or bishop is enough, and checkmate will fail in four moves.
Avoid the "fork". I don’t know why this technique was called a cutlery, but the fact is that when you hit the fork, you will lose one of the figures anyway. In the same way, I advise you to look at what a “fork” is in chess. Once in it, evaluate the value of the figure, and sacrifice the least valuable. Let's say a rook and a knight are in the "fork". Naturally, the knight goes to waste, because the rook is more significant.
Special mention deserves castling and "taking on the pass."
How chess pieces move
Do you know that white moves first? It is this rule that allows inexperienced players to checkmate children.
Pawns move simply - only forward, and they attack diagonally one square forward. An exception is a pass, when pawns are allowed to move from their original position to two squares (but not to attack). They also have such a feature as taking on the aisle.
Horse. This figure walks with the letter "G" or the Latin "L", and this letter can be in different positions: lying on one and the second side, inverted. In addition, the knight is able to jump over its own and enemy pieces.
There are two types of elephants in each team. I wrote about this in my article "How to arrange chess correctly" - read it, it's interesting. So, the elephants walk and hit only diagonally in any direction.
The rook, opposite to the bishop, moves only in straight lines - horizontal and vertical. It hits exactly the same.
The queen can move in any of the directions: horizontal vertical and diagonal lines, but cannot move like a knight and jump over pieces.
The king beats and walks in a circle from himself (so to speak). That is, he can walk and hit one cell in any direction, even diagonally.
Sincerely, Vladimir Manerov
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If you don't know how to have a fun evening with the whole family, try playing chess. In order to master this intellectual old game You don't have to have a high IQ at all. It is important to learn the basic rules of chess - and with some effort, you will soon be able to come up with new combinations of moves as well as experienced players.
Basics of the game for beginnersThe chessboard includes 64 squares, where white fields alternate with dark ones. Horizontal lines are numbered from one to eight, and vertical rows are indicated by Latin letters from a to h. Each field of the board is assigned its own coordinates, formed from the name of the vertical strip and the number of the horizontal strip on the board, for example, a7, f5, etc.
Before starting a game, you should not only learn the rules of the game and understand how to play chess, but also place the board correctly. It is placed so that each participant has a white corner field on the right side. There are two players: one controls the white pieces, and the second controls the dark (black) pieces. All pieces have their own unique names: king, queen (queen), bishops (officers), rooks (tours), knights and pawns. The game involves one king (designation when writing K) and a queen (F), two knights (K), two rooks (R), two bishops (C) and eight pawns (p.) on each side - a total of 16 pieces.
The rules of chess for beginners and children: just about the difficult
Initially, all the pieces on the board are set as shown below.
They all walk in a special, peculiar way only to them:
Execution of checkmate
A check is an attack by the opponent's pieces on the king. In this situation, knowing the rules of the game is very important in order to understand how to learn to play chess. You will not be able to make a move with a piece other than the king until you get him out of check. With the help of the black bishop, one can easily create a check situation for the white king, as well as vice versa: the white officer threatens the black king.
In the following pictures, the black pieces are in check, but they defend against it by moving the bishop to c5.
Checkmate is a check that cannot be neutralized. The announced checkmate is considered a win. Classic variant: The queen attacks the king, which has no escape route. The king is also unable to remove the queen from the board, since the white king protects her.
Checkmate can also be delivered with the help of the rook: the black pawns f7, g7 and h7 prevent Black's key piece from getting under attack.
List of literature on teaching the game of chess:
- Levenfish G. Ya. "The book of a beginner chess player" (1957).
- Rokhlin Ya. G. "Chess" (1959).
- Podgaets O. A. "Walking through the white and black fields" (2006).
- Volokitin A., Grabinsky V. "Tutorial for geeks" (2009).
- Yudovich M. M. "Entertaining chess" (1966).
- Euwe M. "Textbook chess game» (2003).
- Khalas F. "Adventures in the Chess Kingdom" (2016).
- Kalinichenko N. M. "Lessons in chess tactics for young champions" (2016).
- Trofimova A. S. "Secrets of Mastery for Young Chess Players" (2016).
- Chandler M. “Chess for children. Checkmate your dad!" (2015).
Articles on this topic:
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To an ignorant person chess rules may seem simple enough, but in practice the situation is different.
To begin with, it is worth saying that chess is a game involving two people. The pieces they move with are located on different sides of the board, which contains 64 black and white fields.
Different figures alternately move along 64 squares of the board. The game begins with the correct installation of the board. It is necessary that each of the players have a white square in the lower right corner, respectively, black on the left.
The chessboard is marked horizontally with letters from a to h, in the vertical direction - with numbers from 1 to 8. It is with their help that the current game is recorded.
Because the article is quite large - we made it easy to navigate.
Article navigation:
The meaning of the game of chess
Arrangement of pieces in chess
If you do not know how to arrange chess on the board, then read this paragraph. Opponents play on opposite sides of the board, one of them moves with white pieces, the second with black pieces. The pieces in each game are placed in the same way as follows:
- Lines number 2 and 7 are pawns;
- The corners of the board are rooks;
- Next to the rooks are horses;
- Next to the horses are elephants;
- In the middle - a queen (should stand on a cell of the same color as it: white - on white, black - on black);
- Next to the queen is the king.
The first move in the game goes to the player with white pieces (the decision on who plays which pieces is made by lot). So, first the white pieces move, then the black ones, then again the white ones, then the black ones, and so on.
In the image below you can see how to correctly arrange the chess pieces.
How chess pieces move
The most significant and significant chess piece is the king. Possible moves of the piece: diagonally, horizontally, vertically to the adjacent field. The king does not have the right to make moves to an adjacent field if it is attacked by one of the opponent's pieces, or if another piece of the same color as the king is on this field.
The queen is the most powerful piece in chess. Its conditional value is 8 pawns. It combines the strength of both the rook and the bishop, as it can move vertically, diagonally and vertically (if there are no other pieces on the way).
The rook has the right to make moves in the vertical and horizontal direction, if there are no other pieces on its way. The conditional value of a rook is 5 pawns.
The bishop can move diagonally to any square, as long as there are no other pieces there. There are black-sexed and white-skinned elephants (the first ones walk through the black fields, the second - white ones).
Knight - conditional value - 3 pawns. Possible year - in the form of the letter "G". This means that at the beginning of the turn, it can move two spaces in the vertical direction, after which it can move one space in the horizontal direction. Also possible move knights - one field in the vertical direction and two - in the lateral horizontal. The knight piece has the right to "jump" over other pieces.
Pawns have the right to move in the vertical direction, but they can also attack diagonally and take the place of the piece that was beaten. In a situation where the pawn is in its original position, it can move through one square or move only to the next square forward. In the case when she is already in the game (that is, she made moves), then she can only move one square forward.
Turning and taking on the pass
A distinctive feature of pawns is that they have the right to become other pieces (except the king). To do this, the pawn must reach the last line of the board (the first one for black and the eighth one for white). The choice of a piece is carried out by the player who makes the move. As a rule, a pawn is promoted to a queen.
Also, a pawn can capture on the aisle, that is, capture another player's pawn piece, which was moved simultaneously to two cells of the board.
Castling in chess
Castling occupies a special place among all the rules of the game of chess. How to castling in chess is described below. This move makes it possible at the same time from the corner of the chessboard to take a more advantageous position, as well as to secure the king. The essence of castling is that the king piece changes position towards its rook by two squares, after which the rook moves to the adjacent square on the other side of the king piece. However, long castling in chess cannot be done just like that, for this a number of important conditions must be observed:
- The king moves for the first time in the current game;
- The moved rook moves for the first time in this game;
- There are no other pieces on the squares between the pieces of the king and the rook, they are free;
- The king is not in a check situation, and the squares he is about to occupy or cross must not be occupied and attacked by enemy pieces.
Below is a picture that will show you how to castling correctly. The picture is indicated.
Chess: rules of the game. Checkmate
At the beginning of the article, it was said that the main goal of a chess game is to checkmate the opponent's king. To do this, the king must get into check, but he can get out of it using one of three ways:
- Ensure safety by moving to another square of the board (castling is not allowed in this case);
- To take a piece himself, with the help of which the opponent is going to check (if possible);
- Defend against an attacking piece with another, with your own piece.
If it is impossible to avoid checkmate, the game comes to an end. In this case, the king remains on the board, but the game is considered over.
Also, if you want to learn how to play chess, learn the basic rules, you need to know when a draw is declared. There are 5 rules:
- If a player should move next, but cannot do so due to the position of the pieces;
- Consent from both players;
- The lack of a sufficient number of pieces on the board, allowing you to checkmate the opponent;
- 50 consecutive moves were made, however, none of the opponents made , as well as capturing a pawn or piece of the opponent;
- The player can declare a draw in the event that there was a three-time repetition of identical positions.
Blitz chess rules
Blitz chess is a chess game in which both players are given 5 minutes for each move. The rules for the game are the same as for ordinary chess, the only difference is that all moves must be made very quickly.
In this case, the players require utmost attention, composure. The most important rule is that the moves must be made very quickly, most of the time may be required at the beginning of the game, so it is recommended to practice a lot and learn well all the possible variations of the different stages of the chess game.
It is also not bad if you learn, by playing ordinary chess, to put different kinds checkmates, in a short time to carry out a quick size of pieces in order to gain an advantage over the enemy.
Having familiarized yourself with the rules described above, you can already try to play the first game of chess. However, in order to learn how to play really well, it takes time, long trainings, training, studying various positions, moves, nuances of games and, of course, constant practice.
The rules of chess for beginners - the first acquaintance with this exciting game. For adults and children - in pictures.
Rules of the game
Chess is a game played by two people. The pieces in the game are located on different sides of the board, which contains 64 fields in black and white.
Board
The right near playing field for each player must be white. Horizontal rows are numbered from 1 to 8, vertical rows are indicated by Latin letters from a to h. Therefore, you can quickly write down the moves of any game, consisting of letters and numbers.
The name of the chess pieces Opponents play on opposite sides of the board, one of them moves with white pieces, the second with black pieces. The pieces in each game are placed in the same way as follows:
The first move in the game is made by white pieces (the decision on who plays which pieces is made by lot). So, first the white pieces move, then the black ones, then again the white ones, then the black ones, and so on.
How chess pieces move
Pawns
Pawns have the right to walk only forward. They beat the opponent's pieces diagonally and take the place of the piece that was beaten. In its original position, the pawn can move through one square, or move only to the next square forward. In the case when she is already in the game (that is, she made moves), then she can only move one square forward.
For example, a pawn is in position -e2. After the first move, which can be done through one cell, the pawn ended up on -e4. Rook (tour)
Rook moves and beats the opponent's pieces forward or sideways. Strictly horizontally or vertically. For any number of cells available on the board. All pieces are removed from the board, the king cannot be eaten, you can only declare checkmate. A rook can also jump over its own king, but only during castling. The symbolic designation of the rook is L or R.
The rook has the right to make moves in the vertical and horizontal direction, if there are no other pieces on its way. The conditional value of a rook is 5 pawns. 
This is how the rook can move. Horse
At the horse an unusual move: he jumps over the rest of the figures into two squares and one sideways, with the letter "G". This is the only piece on the board, which at any time can jump over any piece, its own or someone else's.
Knight's moves from the starting position. That is, even in the complete environment of the opponent's pieces, the knight can theoretically be saved, while for other pieces the environment is extremely bad. The knight’s movement scheme is similar to the letter “G”: two cells forward, backward, right or left, and then one cell to the side (shown in the figure).
Officer (elephant)
Elephant moves diagonally to the desired number of cells. These are usually only cells of the same color. Because it's diagonal. Therefore, they are called a black-squared bishop or a light-squared bishop. 
The elephant can overcome any available number of cells. For brevity in writing, this figure is denoted C or B in the English version.
The chess bishop moves diagonally. Queen
Queen (queen). The strongest piece in the game of chess, moving any number of squares in a straight line or diagonally in all directions. In the initial position, the queen always occupies a square of her color, hence the expression: "The queen loves her color."
There are positions from which the queen can attack up to 27 cells at once. In Russian records, the queen corresponds to the symbol Ф, in English - Q.
The queen is the most powerful piece in chess. Its conditional value is 8 pawns. It combines the strength of both the rook and the bishop. The queen can move vertically, diagonally and vertically (if there are no other pieces on the way. King
The goal of the game is to capture the king. Checkmate him. Therefore, it is the most significant and significant chess piece. The king moves in any direction: straight, sideways and diagonally. But, just one step.
The king does not have the right to make moves to an adjacent field if it is attacked by one of the opponent's pieces, or if another piece of the same color as the king is on this field.
The weakest, but weighty and significant chess piece is the king. shah
A check is when the king is directly attacked by one or more pieces. Since the king cannot be taken according to the rules, its owner must escape from the blow on the next move. You can move your pieces only to protect the king from the check.
Pat
A stalemate situation occurs when the king is not in check, and the player playing it cannot make a single move according to the rules (you cannot put the king under check yourself). In this situation, the game is considered to have ended in a draw.
Mat
The most frequent result of a chess game. The king of one of the opponents is under attack, which cannot be repelled. This is mat. The player of such a king loses the game.
Game moments
- The game can end in the victory of one of the opponents or in a draw.
- A chess player can checkmate an opponent.
- The opponent may admit defeat if the situation seems hopeless to him due to the large damage.
- Players can agree to a draw on their own, but there are situations when they are forced to do so. If one player has a king and a knight left, and the other has a king and a bishop, it is impossible to win the game without an opponent's gross mistake.
- At a higher level, a draw is sometimes fixed when the same moves are repeated three times.
Well, now try with a computer.
If you are offered to play chess, never say: “I don’t know how.” Say: "I can, but I don't want to."
Vladimir Vysotsky, "A story about a game of chess"
My desire to learn how to play chess appeared precisely after such a situation. True, I was able to say “I can”, but I couldn’t continue “but I don’t want to”. I had to play. Several deafening defeats after short games made it clear that knowing the rules of the game is not enough to win. There was something else that only chess players knew about. Something that helped them see the board from a different angle, as if looking into the future and commenting disappointedly: “Well, what have you done!”. I wanted to know this secret, and I decided to understand ...
How can an adult learn to play chess
First, it was necessary to find out whether it is possible to learn how to play chess on your own: with the help of the Internet, mobile applications or self-taught. A thorough survey of those who already know how to play showed that you can try to learn how to play on your own, but it's better to do it with a friend or a teacher.
However, the first steps can and should be taken alone. Desirable:
- find or buy a board;
- get to know the shapes
- learn the rules of the game.
This will take you no more than an hour. Use YouTube videos, there are many videos on this topic. If there is a desire, excuses are superfluous. Even a child can start playing (from the age of four).
After you understand this stage, it is worth looking for a teacher. Why can't you learn to play on your own? The answer is very simple. You can try to do it yourself, and you will even start to succeed. It's just a matter of learning speed. What you think of in a few days, the teacher will explain in an hour. Moreover, an experienced player or teacher will help you see on the board what you simply don’t notice due to lack of experience.
How to find a teacher
Sign up for a chess school or club
The only problem you may have is the age limit. But it can also be solved.
When I tried to enroll in the nearest chess schools, I was refused because only toddlers are accepted for training. But instead, they offered to come and try to negotiate with the teacher about private lessons.
Even if there is only one chess school in your city, go there and try to find yourself a coach.
There are also chess clubs. Most often they are played by older people, united by a great desire and passion for the game. This is a great choice for those who love chess, but not always a good option for a beginner.
Find a chess friend
When I tried to do this, it turned out that chess players are in some kind of “Fight Club”. simple post in in social networks showed: more than half of my friends played or play chess. They just don't tell anyone about it. Try to ask your friends and you. I'm sure you will be surprised.
As for my personal experience, among my acquaintances and friends I found one who turned out to be a candidate for master of sports in chess. We quickly agreed on lessons, and I got a little closer to my goal.
Hire a teacher
Without contacting organizations, schools, clubs and circles, you can simply find a teacher for private lessons. Try to meet with him personally before you agree on the first lesson to make sure that you will be able to study with this person and not be afraid to ask him several times incomprehensible moments. If you feel discomfort, embarrassment, awkwardness, try to find another teacher.
“Anyone who plays better than you can already teach. That's just the teacher should not be a bore. And it’s not worth spending money on super-professionals right away, ”advises Vladimir Khlepitko.
Peter Miller/Flickr.comWhat to read
While your coach will tell you what the opening, middlegame and endgame are, teach the theory and practice of chess, demonstrating the art of composition along the way, you can already begin to help yourself move even faster. For example, with the help of books. Literature itself will not teach you how to play, but it will become a powerful help in this difficult task.
1. For beginners, self-study books and collections of tasks are suitable. For example, “Collection of chess combinations” by S. D. Ivashchenko, “Chess game textbook” by H. R. Capablanca and “Journey to the chess kingdom” by Y. Averbakh. Feel free to open books for children or those marked "For those who are just starting to play." After all, it is in them that the complex system of chess is explained very clearly and clearly.
2. Once you've mastered the introduction and have had some fruitful lessons with your teacher at the same time, move on to books on strategy and tactics. Deal with each stage of the game of chess, since a lot has been written about them. Knowing which book to choose can be tricky, so be sure to ask your trainer for advice. You can take a look at these works:
- "My system", A. I. Nimtsovich;
- "Strategic techniques in chess", A. I. Terekhin;
- “In the footsteps of debut disasters”, Ya. I. Neishtadt;
- "Transition to the endgame", Yu. Razuvaev, G. Nesis.
3. Look for inspiration. Read not only chess textbooks, but also books related to this great game. For example, Vladimir Khlepitko says that he likes Garry Kasparov's book Chess as a Model of Life.
Watch films about chess and chess players, for example:
- "Bobby Fischer vs. the World" is about the biography of the American champion and his legendary match with Boris Spassky.
- "Luzhin's Defense" - a film in which you should not look at chess boards in search of interesting combinations, but you can immerse yourself in its unique atmosphere.
- "Chess Fever" is a black-and-white Soviet comedy, of course, almost not about chess. But Capablanca himself appears in the frame!
What else?
Of course, you should not ignore the Internet help. As long as you practice in real life, all other ways to make your lessons more effective are fine too.
I will say this: if you really want it, you will definitely succeed. For me, trying to learn how to play chess was a real challenge. The game is hard to say the least. But beautiful. Therefore, if you really like chess and are willing to devote a little time to it every day or at least every week, everything will definitely work out.
Success will be given by desire and love for the game, and there are many ways to achieve success, the main thing is to keep moving the figures!
Vladimir Khlepitko, head chess club Wisdom
