Indicate the conditional colors on the physical map. Geography lesson “Conditional colors of the physical map of the hemispheres. Topographic map and its features
What is indicated in green on the plan and on the physical map? and got the best answer
Answer from YaisiyaKonovalova[guru]
2.) on a physical map, green indicates low areas of the earth's surface
4) on the plan, forests are indicated in green.
On the terrain plan, rivers and lakes are shown in blue water, and forests in green - the color of vegetation. Fields, gardens - - there is no special sign, therefore such areas are left white on the plan. The sign of the bows resembles grass stalks. The sands are shown as brown dots. Small streams, roads, narrow streets are depicted with conventional signs in the form of lines. Such conventional signs are generally accepted. They are used on all terrain plans.
Answer from Yatiana Dovbyalik[active]
I advise you to read carefully! !
Mountains are large, narrow, elongated sections of the surface of the lithosphere, rising above the adjacent plains by more than 500 m.
Since mountains are part of the relief, let's agree what we mean by relief. Relief - a set of irregularities in the surface of the lithosphere.
I show the participants a physical map of Russia in an atlas and ask them to answer the question: “What is shown on it in colors?” . Answer: Relief. Please remember the answer for later discussion.
To the question: “What color are the mountains shown on the map?” , I hear: "Brown or various shades of brown." It is accepted as incorrect. So the answer is completely or partially incorrect. Please find the New Siberian Islands on the map and see what is located to the north of them. It turns out - the Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean.
I ask: “The ridge is the mountains?” , "Are they shown in brown?" . No, light blue. “Which question was answered: the one posed or another?” . It turns out that they answered the question: “What color are mountains shown on land?” .
Correct answer: “On the land of this map, the mountains are marked with various shades of brown, and in the water area (seas and oceans) - from white to light blue.”
To the question - “What color on land maps show the plains? "- I get the answer: "Green". The answer is also not accepted.
To reasonably answer this question, you need to know the content of the concept of "plain". The plains are large oval shape areas of the surface of the lithosphere with minor irregularities up to 500 m. According to the absolute marks of the terrain, they are distinguished among them.
1) up to 200 m - lowlands, painted in dark green;
2) from 200 to 500 m - green plains with elevations up to 500 m;
3) over 500 m to 4-5 km - plateaus, plateaus, highlands.
The highest altitude plain on Earth is the Tibetan Plateau with heights of 4-5 km. On the map, the Tibetan Plateau is shown in dark brown, and the Central Siberian Plateau is shown in light brown, because its height is 800-1000 m. average - 1000 m.
I repeat my first question:
"What is shown by the colors on the physical map?" . After a short meeting of the participants, I hear in response: "Absolute marks of the terrain, but not the relief." To do this, the map is accompanied by a scale of depths and heights in meters. If the terrain were reflected, the land plains would be depicted as areas of a solid green color, and the mountains as elongated areas of brown without any shades.
Looking at maps is quite interesting. Moreover, they are diverse. At school we had large wall maps, atlases and contour maps. I always liked to find on the maps all sorts of mountains and seas, rivers and plains.
Shades of blue on a geographical map always denote one thing - water.
What do we have in nature blue? That's right: sky and water. But what is the sky on the maps for? So, they denote all kinds of water bodies. What applies to them? That's what:
- oceans and seas;
- straits and bays;
- bays and estuaries;
- lakes and rivers;
- reservoirs and swamps (shown as thin broken lines on the maps).
It is very comfortable. You can immediately see where the water is. There are more blue colors on the maps, since land still occupies a smaller part of our planet. Moreover, if the rivers and lakes are painted in the same color, then the oceans and even large seas have different shades of blue. This is done in order to immediately focus on depth. The bluer the color on the map, the greater the depth of the reservoir in this place. Even just looking at a geographical map, you can imagine where it is deeper.
Even on maps with a large scale (with a large decrease in the Earth), it is simply impossible to reflect all their depths on small objects (on rivers, lakes), and there is no need for this. But on topographic maps of the area (where the scale is small and size allows), depths are sometimes distinguished with more saturated shades of blue or conditional blue lines.
Shades of blue on vintage maps
Not always the water on the maps was drawn in blue. AT old maps the seas and oceans were simply not painted over. And the rivers were drawn in some other color: brown, black, green... .
In ancient times, people simply did not highlight the color blue. It was as if he didn't exist. Some nations did not even have such a word for "blue". And there is not much blue in nature. Therefore, apparently, it appeared, as a color, much later than other colors. Only after that, on geographical maps, they began to draw water in shades of blue.
It's good that he still appeared this blue color. After all, it is much more convenient when the water is blue, the earth is brown, and the vegetation is green.
The outline of land areas, terrain and local items marked on the map with color and symbols. So, fields, meadows - light green; various reservoirs - blue; sands - yellow; hills, mountains - dark yellow and various tones of brown; trails, dirt roads, buildings settlements- gray or brown.
Conventional signs, usually close in style to the actual forms of objects, are divided into four main groups:
1) Contour or scale signs (Fig. 36), they denote large-sized objects that can be expressed on a scale maps, - plots forests, meadows, arable lands, lakes, swamps, large rivers, sands, etc. The boundaries of their contours are indicated by solid lines or dots in accordance with the actual outlines on the ground. The area inside the contour is covered with appropriate colors and filled with additional symbols.
2) Out-of-scale signs (Fig. 37) are used to designate important, small-sized objects that cannot be expressed on a map scale. These include winter quarters, wells, some landmarks - various towers, factory chimneys, radio masts, etc. These images on the map are enlarged, and it is impossible to judge the actual size of objects from them.
3) Roads, trails, streams, power lines and other linear images, the scale of which reflects only the length, occupy an intermediate position between large-scale and off-scale signs and are called linear (Fig. 38).
4) Explanatory signs - abbreviations, names, numbers that explain the meaning of the symbol. For example, a lake is a lake, a pass is a lane, a river is a river; own names of objects and inscriptions that give additional characteristics. For example, in the contour of the forest the inscription “ber. 30 / 35-5 "indicates: birch, height 30 m, diameter 35 cm, distance between trees 5 m, or at the top sign the number indicates the height, etc.
Terrain image. The most visual and accurate way of depicting the terrain is the method of contour lines with digital elevation marks. Contours are closed curved lines that connect points located at the same height above sea level (Fig. 39). Horizontals visually convey landforms. Using them, you can determine the height of the terrain points. Contours are drawn through intervals of equal height, which are called the height of the section. The following section heights are accepted on the maps: 10 m for a map of scale 1: 50,000; 20 m - 1: 100,000; 40 m - 1:200,000.
Elevations and depressions of the terrain - hollows - are indicated by the same horizontal lines. Bergstrokes are used to distinguish between highs and lows. Bergshtrich - a short dash, located perpendicular to the horizontal in the direction of lowering the terrain. The steepness of the slope when depicting the relief using the contour lines is indicated by convergence or stretching in the location of the contour lines. The closer the horizontals are to each other, the steeper the slope. However, the maximum steepness of the slope, depicted by horizontal lines, does not exceed 45 °. Steeper slopes are depicted by conventional signs - ravines, cliffs. They are shown on maps and plans in dark brown. On small-scale maps, for greater clarity, hillshading is used along with contour lines. Its essence lies in the thickening of the shadows as the steepness of the slope increases. Shading is carried out with gray or brown paint. Flat surfaces remain white.
Grid on maps. When determining the location of objects - landmarks, standing points - on the map, coordinate grids are used, which allow you to quickly find or indicate the exact position of a particular point in the terrain. Coordinates are called angular or linear quantities that determine the position of points on any surface (on the earth's surface, on a map) or in space. Geographical coordinates are angular quantities - geographic latitude and longitude, which determine the position of points on the earth's surface relative to the equator and a plumb line at a given point on the earth's surface. The value of the angle in degrees shows how far this or that point on the globe is north or south of the equator. If the point is located in the northern hemisphere, then its latitude will be called the northern latitude, if in the southern hemisphere, then the southern latitude.
Geographic longitude is also measured by the angle formed by the plane of the meridian, taken as the initial (zero), and the meridian passing through the given point. For uniformity in determining longitudes, it was agreed to consider the meridian passing through the astronomical observatory in Greenwich (England, near London) as the initial meridian and call it Greenwich. All points on the globe located east of the initial Greenwich meridian to the meridian 180 ° will have east longitude, and west of the initial meridian - west longitude. On a map with meridians and parallels plotted on it, you can determine the latitude and longitude of any point or object.
On topographic maps of large scales, the grid of meridians and parallels is shown outside the frame of the map sheet in the form of divisions (segments) equal to the linear value of one minute in longitude and latitude. On maps at a scale of 1:500,000 and 1:100,000, the grid of meridians and parallels is depicted on the entire sheet and its outlets are signed outside the map frame.
Topic: " Conditional colors physical map of the hemispheres.
Educational: To form an idea of the physical map of the hemispheres, what conditional colors depict the surface of the Earth on the map of the hemispheres, know the location on the map of the equator, the south and north poles.
Educational: aesthetic, love for the Earth, Motherland.
Correction-developing: development of mental activity, motor skills, attention, memory, logical thinking, speech correction.
Equipment: Physical map of the hemispheres, globe, textbook, atlas.
Vocabulary work: physical map of the hemispheres, symbols of the map.
Course progress.
Org.moment. Hello
Teacher:
What forms of the earth's surface do you know?
What conditional colors are found on the map?
What do they stand for?
Our planet has an uneven surface. Huge spaces are occupied by seas and oceans. Lakes, many rivers flow through the Earth.
On land, lowlands, uplands, and mountains are distinguished.
Write down the definition. A physical map is a geographical map that depicts the surface of the land, seas, oceans.
Oceans, seas, rivers, lakes on a physical map are indicated in blue in different shades. The deepest parts of the oceans are marked in dark blue.
The surface of the land is indicated by different conditional colors, depending on the height of the area. Terrain elevation is measured from ocean or sea level.
Green on the maps indicate low places up to 200 meters above sea level - these are plains or lowlands.
Hills are painted in yellow in different shades. They are located at an altitude of 200 to 500 meters above sea level. The mountains shown in brown on the map have a height of 500 meters or more. (The story is accompanied by an analysis of Fig. 76).
On a physical map, there is a height scale and a depth scale that can be used to determine the approximate height of the area on land and the depth of the sea or ocean. (The story is accompanied with an analysis of Fig. 77 and a scale of heights and depths in the atlas).
Fixing:
Instruction: “Before you are cards on which there is a table .. Fill out empty cells tables, as well as sentences that you must complete, and a punched card. Do not rush to immediately fill out the table, check yourself again and only after that give the answer.
Task 1 Shade the rectangles with the conditional colors of the physical map. Write down what the colors mean.
___________________ _______________ ____________ _______
__________________ _______________ ____________ __________
Task 2 Complete the sentences.
Water on physical maps is depicted in ______ color.
The surface of the land is represented by ___________________, ________________ colors.
Add a conclusion.
A physical map is a geographical map that is shown to us by ________________________________________________
Task 3. Underline the correct word.
Geographical objects on the map should only be shown: with a pen, ruler, finger, pointer.
Outcome. Rating with comments.
If cartographers didn't use different colors for marks on maps, then they (maps) would be gray and boring, wouldn't they? The colors on them are actually more than just colors. It is amazing to me that each shade has its own meaning and its own purpose!
What do all cards have in common?
Some colors are usually used in a certain meaning, regardless of which card it is. They are recognizable by any student and understandable to absolutely everyone.
For example, on a political, physical, and on any other map, no one dares to mark mountains or deserts in blue.
Colors on the physical map
We can say that the physical map is used most often: in geography lessons, while planning an incredible trip to a new country, etc. The meanings of the colors on it are quite logical and clear. It will be clear to any child and adult that green is forest, brown is mountains, white is ice, and yellow is desert.
In this kind of map, hue matters a lot. The darker the brown, the higher the mountain. For example, the surface of the Himalayas, the Andes, or the Cordillera Mountains is distinguished on the map by the darkest shades of brown.
The darker the blue color on the map, the deeper the bottom in the pond. An example is the Mariana Trench. Accordingly, if a reservoir has a light blue color on the map, then it is completely shallow.
How colors are used in other maps
It is already clear that colors can be used in different ways, depending on which type desired map applies. They can perform the following functions:
- in political maps colors are most often needed to clearly distinguish the borders between countries;
- on maps of climatic zones, different climatic zones are shown in different colors;
- the colors on the time zone map are also used to highlight the boundaries between zones.
Based on this, we can draw the following conclusion: if we are talking about the colors used in the fill (when some area, for example, a country, is painted over with a certain shade), then the main purpose of using color is to draw clear boundaries between countries, regions, belts and zones .
Colors play a really meaningful role in maps. They not only make the image more aesthetic, but also contain useful information and also help you navigate the map with ease.
